Chapter 3

crooked, bent, stiff

joint

bursa

cartilage

rib

skull

to bind, tie together

bent, hump

curve, swayback, bent

loosening or setting free

spinal cord, bone marrow

bone

curved, bent

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket

Originating within another

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Originating within the individual

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

The abnormal softening of cartilage

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion

Blood within a joint

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

• An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
• also known as humpback or dowager's hump

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

• An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
• also known as swayback

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain

The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

The five bones that form the palms of the hand

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

• A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
• also known as a compound fracture

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

Inflammation of a bone

The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Abnormal softening of bones in adults

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Thinner-than-average bone density

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

An inflammation of the periosteum

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint

The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

The bony structural units of the spinal column