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Abortion
termination of pregnancy
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Missed Abortion
Natural termination. Products of conception must be surgically removed to prevent sepsis in the mother.
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Spontaneous Abortion
Natural termination. Products of conception are expelled without surgical intervention.
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Elective Abortion
Pregnancy terminated. Can be during 1st or 2nd trimester. 36 states have bans on late term abortions (past 24 weeks).
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Incomplete Abortion
Products of conception partially retained. May need surgical intervention.
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Lugols Solution
Used to stain the vagina and cervix during a colposcopy. Normal epithelium tissue stains brown, while cancerous tissue does not. Makes it easier for biopsy or resection of cancerous cells.
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Monsels Solution
Applied to the cervix by way of large cotton swabs to control bleeding. Looks like mustard but turns black when mixed with blood.
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Anteversion
refers to anatomical direction of organ. Uterus may be in anteversion or rotated forward.
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Retroflexion
refers to anatomical direction of organ. Uterus may be in retroversion or rotated backwards.
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Ectopic
Occurs when the fertilized egg implants anywhere other than the uterus. The Fallopian tube is the most common site.
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Culdocentesis
Extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch with a needle. Used to diagnose ectopic pregnancy or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
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Cystocele
Bladder herniates into the vagina. Usually caused by weakened pelvic floor from childbirth.
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Rectocele
Herniation of the rectum into the vagina. Caused by childbirth or from hysterectomy.
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Myomectomy
Removal of uterine fibroids through an abdominal incision.
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Cervical Cerclage
Placement of a large Dacron or Mersilene tape or large stitch around the cervix at the level of the internal os to prevent spontaneous abortion. 3 types: a. Shirodkars (involves permanent stitch, so C-section will be necessary)b. McDonalds (most common, removed before baby born) c. Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage (performed through an abdominal incision when the cervix is too short).
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Episiotomy
Intentional surgical incision in the vulva to ease the childbirth process and to protect the mother from uncontrolled perineal lacerations.
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Hysteroscope
Gyn instrument used to visualize the inside/interior of the uterus. Patient in lithotomy position. Contains sheath, obturator, scope and biopsy punches. Connects to camera which is hooked up to a monitor. Uterus distended with saline. Imperative to keep track of input/output to monitor if uterus ruptures.
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Leimyofibroma
Benign fibroids of the uterus. Originates in the myometrium and the accompanying connective tissue of the uterus. Usually multiple and a frequent indication for a hysterectomy.
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Supracervical Hysterectomy
Procedure where only the uterine body is removed. Cervix left in place.
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Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue occurs outside the uterus. Appears as small red spots on abdominal tissue. Causes immense pain.
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Tubal Ligation
Permanent method of reproductive sterilization. Reversal cannot be guaranteed. May be performed open, vaginally, or laparoscopic. A variety of techniques used: ligation, cauterization, clips, coils.
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Endometrial Ablation
Used to treat menorrhagia with a heated balloon probe. The balloon is inserted through the cervix and is expanded with D5W conforming to the contour of the uterus. The solution is then heated to 188* for 8-10 minutes. This procedure stops or decreases menstral bleeding.
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Chocolate cyst
benign cyst of the ovary that contains dark syrupy contents from old blood.
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Dermoid cyst
sac filled with hair and sebaceous material found in the ovary.
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Hypospadias
Urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis(ventral)
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Epispadias
Urethral opening on the upper aspect of the penis or too far anteriorly in females (dorsal)
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Phimosis
condition affecting the prepuce that prevents it from retracting over the glans penis; tight foreskin
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Cryptorchidism
one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during the first year of life
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Torsion
Twisting of the testicle, spermatic cord. Emergent surgical intervention necessary to prevent necrosis of the testis
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Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
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Lithotripsy
crushing of a stone
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Uremia
accumulation of urine products in the blood due to kidney failure
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KUB
flat plate abdominal x-ray to visualize kidney, ureters and bladder
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Cystogram
x-ray visualization of the bladder with use of contrast media
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Retrograde Pyelogram
x-ray visualization of the ureters and kidneys following injection of contrast media through a ureteral catheter
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Intravenous urogram (IVU)
previously called IVP; x-ray visualization of the ureters and kidneys following intravenous dye injection
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Hydrocele testis
accumulation of fluid around a testicle, fairly common, tunica vaginalis
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TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate; most common surgical procedure for BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)
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Circumcision
removal of prepuce of penis with a Gomco or Plastibell clamp
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Urinary Incontinence
inability to control urine
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BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
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Straight catheter
made of rubber; do not have retention balloon; aka red robinson
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Foley catheter
most commonly used retention catheter; always test patency of balloon and fill with sterile water; usually put in OR after induction; can have 3rd lumen for irrigation/hemostatic purposes
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Coude catheter
firm rubber tip to facilitate a passage through a false urethral passage or beyond urethral strictures
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Filiforms
flexible, varying sizes, used to bypass ureteral obstructions or to dilate urethra
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Vasovasostomy
re-anastomosis of the vas deferens following a vasectomy
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Resectoscope
Looped electrosurgical device inserted through the urethra to remove all or part of the prostatic capsule to reinstate normal urine flow
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Elik Evacuator
glass container with rubber bulb used to remove prostatic tissue during a TURP
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Methyline Blue
Blue dye injected through IV, absorbed by kidneys and released in urine to check ureter patency
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