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Coombs Test (also known as ........ ) is either of two clinical blood tests used in immunohematology and immunology.
antiglobulin test or AGT
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Coombs test involves taking a blood sample which is tested for the presence of ......... which may destroy red blood cells.
antibodies
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Red cells coated with complement or IgG antibodies do not agglutinate directly when centrifuged. These cells are said to be sensitized with IgG or complement. In order for agglutination to occur an additional antibody, which reacts with the..... portion of the IgG antibody, or with the......or ....component of complement, must be added to the system. This will form a “bridge” between the antibodies or complement coating the red cells, causing agglutination.
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Direct Coombs Test aka
Direct Antiglobulin Test or DAT
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Test:?
-used to detect if antibodies or complement system factors have bound to RBC surface antigens in ....... A blood sample is taken and the RBCs are washed and then incubated with .........
-If this produces ........ , the direct Coombs test is positive
-a visual indication that .......
- vivo
- antihuman globulin
- agglutination of RBCs
- antibodies are bound to the surface of red blood cells
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Indirect Coombs Test aka
Indirect Antiglobulin Test or IAT
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Test: ?
used to detect ..... , .....reactions. It is used to detect very.... concentrations of ..... present in a patient’s plasma/serum prior to a blood transfusion.
in-vitro, antibody-antigen , low , antibodies
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test: ?
In antenatal care, this test is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause ........... of the newborn.
hemolytic disease
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IAT can also be used for
- compatibility testing
- antibody identification
- RBC phenotyping
- titration studies
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Negative Result?
This means?
- No clumping of cells (no agglutination)
- You have no antibodies to red blood cells.
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Positive Result
-during a direct Coombs test means that
- Clumping (agglutination) of the blood cells
- you have antibodies on the red blood cells and that you may have a condition that causes the destruction of red blood cells by your immune system (hemolysis)
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(hemolysis) This may be due to:
- Hemolytic anemia,
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia or similar disorder,
- Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn),
- Infectious mononucleosis,
- Mycoplasmal infection,
- Syphilis,
- Systemic lupus erythematosus and
- Transfusion reaction, such as one due to improperly matched units of blood.
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