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Causative agent of Strep throat
Streptococcus pyogenes, beta-hemolytic
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Portal of entry of strep throat
Inhalation or ingestion
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Signs and symptoms of Strep throat
Sore red throat, often with white, pus follicles on tonsils or back of throat, tenderness of lymph nodes of throat
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Pathogenesis of Strep throat
multiple virulence factors
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Epidemiology of Strep Throat
direct contact and droplet infection
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Treatment of Strep throat
Antibiotics
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Other info for Strep throat
untreated cases can subsequently produce rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis in some patients
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Portal of exit of Strep throat
Nose and mouth
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Causative agent of Diptheria
Corynebacterium diptheriae
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Signs and symptoms of Diptheria
Sore throat, fever, fatigue, and malaise; often with a white pseudomembrane forms on the tonsils
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Pathogenesis of Diptheria
Primarily droplet transmission, upper respiratory infection; exotoxin (A-B toxin) is released and absorbed by the body; toxin kills cell by blocking protein synthesis
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Epidemiologly of Diptheria
inhalation of droplets; direct contact with patient; indirect contact with fomites
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Treatment of Diptheria
antitoxin; antibiotics to prevent transmission
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Prevention of Diptheria
toxoid vaccine, childhood series w/periodic adult boosters
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Causative agent of Pink eye
Haemophilus influenzae & Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis
Signs & Symptoms:
1) increased tears, red & swollen conjunctiva, sensitivity to light, large amounts of pus
2) Severe earache, sometimes producing vomiting; sometimes fever
3) Facial pain and pressure in sinus area, headache, severe malaise, thick green nasal discharge & sometimes pus and blood
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Pathogenesis of Conjunctivitis
direct contact and droplet infection of eyes or nose
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Epidemiologly of Pink eye
carriers can reach 80% in the absence of disease; virulence of bacteria, crowding, and levels of respiratory viruses are all important factors
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Treatment of Pink eye
strain specific antibiotic drops for pink-eye; amoxicillin for the other two (decongestants and antihistamines are not recommended)
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Other info about Pinkeye
Earache is common between 2 mos and 5 years, when most become immune to H. influenzae. Sinusitis typically occurs on older children and adults.
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