Human Biology 100 Exam 1

Science is the study of the ______________.

The process by which an individual makes a generalization after examining specific cases is _____________ reasoning.

A(n) _____________ is a tentative statement about the natural world that can lead to a testable deduction.

The first step of the scientific method is _____________.

A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world used to test a prediction in the scientific method is a(n) _____________.

A properly designed controlled experiment should include both an _____________ group and a _____________ group.

Factors that are varied during an experimental procedure are called _____________.

Information that takes the form of a testimonial is considered to be _____________, not scientific.

The four organic molecules found in all living systems are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and _____________.

Organisms made up of one cell are said to be _____________.

The chemical and physical processes that are involved in energy and molecular transformations in living organisms are collectively termed _____________.

A group of tissues working together for a common purpose is known as a(n) _____________.

A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is a _____________.

The ability to stand upright and walk on two legs is _____________.

The application of scientific knowledge to improve the condition of humans is known as _____________.

The subatomic particles, _____________ and _____________, have approximately the same mass.

The number of subatomic particles ____________ is the atomic number of that atom.

The pure form of matter that cannot be broken down into a simpler form is a(n) _____________.

Atoms bond to one another to form a stable association called a(n)_____________.

Atoms react with one another and form chemical bonds in order to _____________ the outermost shell of electrons.

n electrically charged molecule or atom is a(n) _____________.

Molecules that are polar and attracted to water are _____________; molecules that are nonpolar and therefore not attracted to water are _____________.

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution can be measured in terms of _____________.

A substance that helps to maintain a stable pH is a(n) _____________.

Large organic molecules that are composed of thousands of smaller molecules bonded to one another are known as _____________.

The process by which cells break down organic macromolecules into their subunits is _____________.

In order for a cell to produce a fat, it must have one molecule of _____________ and three _____________.

The structure of a cell membrane includes a modified form of lipid called a _____________.

The molecule that stores the set of instructions of a cell and directs everything a cell does is
_____________.

The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is a(n) ____________.

Cells that have a membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as ________ cells.

Most cells are very small in order to maximize their ________ with respect to their volume.

The RNA and proteins required for the production of the ribosomes of a cell are produced within the ________.

Alcohol is detoxified in organelles called ________.

Microtubules and microfilaments compose the ________, which forms an internal network of support for the cell.

The ________ is surrounded by an outer membrane which encloses an inner membrane that is highly folded; this organelle is associated with the breakdown of chemical bonds in food.

Plasma membranes become less fluid when ________ is present.

Because the plasma membrane regulates the transport of molecules into and out of the cell by allowing only certain substances to pass, it is said to be ________.

The area surrounding cells outside the plasma membrane is referred to as the ________ environment.

The net diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is known as ________.

Diffusion of molecules through channels and facilitated transport are types of ________ (active/passive) transport.

The movement of large molecules or large quantities of molecules into a cell is accomplished through ________; movement of these molecules out of the cell is accomplished through ________.

Plasma membrane proteins that can receive and transmit information across the membrane are known as ________ proteins.

The primary function of the ________ is to remove certain unwanted ions from the cell in exchange for molecules that the cell needs.

If a cell has a higher concentration of solute than its environment, it is ________ (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) to its environment.

________ is the energy flow through living systems.

Cells get their energy from the ________ (catabolism, anabolism) of molecules, such as ATP that store energy.

Anabolic reactions result in the ________ (building/breakdown) of large molecules and therefore ________ (require/release) energy.

In order for an enzyme to start a metabolic reaction, it first has to lower the ________ ( 2 words).

The ________ law of thermodynamics states that some energy is wasted when it changes form or is transferred.

After ATP has had a phosphate removed it is called ________.

Cellular respiration occurs in the ________ (organelle) of the cell.

Glycolysis occurs in the ________ of a cell. This process ________ (does/does not) require the presence of oxygen.

If oxygen is present in a cell, pyruvate is converted to ________, which is transported to the citric acid cycle in the form of ________.

Each turn of the ________ releases 8 electrons to the electron transport chain.

Of the three stages of cellular respiration, the ________ produces the greatest amount of ATP.

________ and ________ are the byproducts of cellular respiration.

Fat is stored in ________ tissue.

Glycogen is stored in the ________ and ________.

Pound for pound, ________ (fats/carbohydrates/proteins) store the greatest amount of energy.

Specialized epithelial tissues that produce and secrete a product are known as ________.

Glands that secrete their product into a duct are classified as ________ glands.

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the number of cell layers making up the tissue and ________.

Spot desmosomes are actually ________ junctions which allow for slight flexibility in an epithelium.

Connective tissue is unique because the cells secrete an ________ that can be a semi-liquid or hardened.

Some fibrous connective tissues contain ________ fibers that interconnect with each other and provide an internal structural framework within an organ.

The protein fibers of a fibrous connective tissue matrix are embedded in a ________ that is made up of water, polysaccharides, and proteins.

Connective tissue cells that produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are the ________.

The function of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle is ________.

Skeletal muscle attaches to ________, which attaches the muscle to bone.