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The planning approach typically involves what three steps
- -assessment of the health problem and its causal/supporting factors
- - development of an intervention based on the assessment, targeting selected factors indentified in the assessment
- - evaluation of the intervention, to determine if it has been implemented as planned and if is has actually affected the causal or related factors that were identified
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social assessment
- phase 1
- assessment of quality of life an social factors surrounding one or more health problems; ranking or positioning the health problems in context
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epidemiologic assessment
- phase 2
- assessment of prevalence/incidence of a health condition, any comorbid conditions, and affected populations. specific focus on health issues to be targeted
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behavioral and environmental assessment
- phase 3 (at this point you have a good idea of what and who you will be targeting with your program)
- assessment of the behavioral and environmental risk factors linked to the health conditons you want ot address as identified in the epidemiological data
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educational and ecological assessment
- phase 4
- assessment of attitudes, knowledge, social norms, community organization, and other factors that contribute to the behavioral and environmental risk factors indentified in phase 4
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administrative/policy assessment
- phase 5 (at this point you will have developed a logic framework that ties individual social environmental and behavioral factors the health condition that you want to change)
- assessment of administrative organizational and political resources available to support the development and implementation of a health promotion program
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provide 3 sources of information for social assessment
- employment rates,
- availability of health care services,
- education
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Provide 2 sources of information for an Epidemiological Assessment
- local surveillance data from public health sources or other relevant sources such as
- schools,
- emergency rooms and
- police
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Provide 2 sources of information for a Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
local surveys, focus group, or other data from schools, community groups, or work related sources
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Provide 2 sources of information for an Administrative/Policy Assessment
- key community leaders and sources,
- focus groups,
- colleges and universities
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Define community
set of individuals, social groups, cultures and norms, economic patterns, politics, and resources all interact to help create a unique situation
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What is the primary difference between Community Interventions and Interventions in Community?
community interventions are broader interventions and interventions in a community are more targeted
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Who serves as the expert on community health?
expertise from the community and diverse groups within it
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Universal Prevention
Targeted at general population
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Selected Prevention
Targeted at individuals or groups that are at high risk for a particular problem
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Indicated Prevention
Targeted at families, groups, or individuals with multiple risk factors for a health problem
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Beyond building community capacity provide 2 steps that can be taken to ensure sustainability
-train and hire members of the community to operate the program
-write grant applications or letters seeking other funding sources
-help link the program to others like it and practitioners in the field
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There are 3 major reasons we evaluate. Provide each of those reasons and a brief explanation for each of those reasons
accountability: responding to the public need to show that cost/resources invested in a program had some effect.
- learning and improvement: evaluation data can help determine what is working and what it not – feedback that allows you to make changes as you go
- theory: to test the validity of a theory that is incorporated in an intervention; to test effectiveness of a specific program model
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Process Evaluation
Were the components of the intervention implemented as planned
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Impact Evaluation
What short-term or immediate impact (change) did the intervention have (pre and post test data)
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Outcome Evaluation
Did the intervention affect the overall health problem/issue that was the ultimate target (long term impacts)
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a ________ is a diagram of structure that helps you set up an evaluation
logic model
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