Science - The Atmosphere

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List the gases that make up the atmosphere

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Water Vapour
What percentage of nitrogen makes up the air?

78%
What percentage of oxygen makes up the air?

21%
List the five layers that makes up the Earth's atmosphere

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere
What is atmospheric pressure?

This describes the pressure placed on the surface of the Earth by the gases in the atmosphere

Atmospheric pressure has a big effect on weather
What is a meteorologist?

This is a scientist who studies the atmosphere
What is a barometer?

This is used to measure atmospheric pressure
If there is low atmospheric pressure what will the weather be like?

Rainy and windy
If there is high atmospheric pressure what will the weather be like?

Calm and dry weather
What are isobars?

These are lines on a weather chart that join areas of equal pressure

The closer the isobars are together the windier and rainier it is
What is a catalyst?

This is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction
Describe how oxygen gas can be made

Oxygen gas can be made by reacting hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide together
State the catalyst used in the production of oxygen

Manganese Dioxide
State the word equation for the making of oxygen

Hydrogen Peroxide = Oxygen + Water
State the chemical equation for the making of oxygen

2H₂O₂ = 2H₂O + O₂
Explain how a person could test for the presence of oxygen

Put a blown out match into a test tube with oxygen and if it relights oxygen is present
List the properties of oxygen

It has no smell, colour or taste

It dissolves in water

It is needed for burning (it supports combustion)
List the uses of oxygen

Breathing

Cutting and welding

Steel Making
Describe how carbon dioxide gas is made

Carbon dioxide can be made in the lab by reacting hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (marble chips)
State the word equation for the making of carbon dioxide

Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate
State the chemical equation for the making of carbon dioxide

CaCO₃ + 2HCl = CO₂ + H₂O +CaCl₂
Why is carbon dioxide used in fire extinguishers?

It does not support combustion (burning) and it is heavier than air
Explain how a person would test for the presence of carbon dioxide

1. Put limewater into a test tube of carbon dioxide and if it turns milky white carbon dioxide is present

2. Put a lit match (candle) into a test tube of carbon dioxide and if it goes out carbon dioxide is present
List the properties of carbon dioxide

It has no smell, colour or taste

It is heavier than air

It puts out fires (it does not support combustion)
List the uses of carbon dioxide

Fire extinguishers

Fizzy drinks

Dry ice for special effects on stage

Plants use carbon dioxide to make food during photosynthesis