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airborne precautions
- Used with pathogens smaller than 5 microns that are transmitted by airborne route; droplets or dust particles that remain suspended in the air
- Private room with monitored negative air pressure with 6–12 air changes per hour (airborne infection isolation room)
- Keep door closed and client in room; susceptible persons should not enter room or wear N-95 HEPA filter
- Can cohort or place client with another client with the same organism, but no other organism
- Private room is the best situation
- Place mask on client if being transported
- Tuberculosis—wear fit-test respirator mask
- Example of disease in category: measles (rubeola), M. tuberculosis, varicella (chicken pox), disseminated zoster (shingles)
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droplet precautions
- Used with pathogens transmitted by infectious droplets; droplets larger than 5 microns
- Involves contact of conjunctiva or mucous membranes of nose or mouth; happens during coughing, sneezing, talking, or during
- procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy
- Private room or with client with same infection but no other infection; wear mask if in close contact
- Maintain spatial separation of three feet between infected client and visitors or other clients; visitors wear mask if less than three feet
- Door may remain open
- Place mask on client if being transported
- Examples of disease in category: diphtheria, Group A streptococcus pneumonia, pneumonia or meningitis caused by N. meningitidis or H. influenzae Type B, Rubella, mumps, pertussis
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contact precautions
- Needed with client care activities that require physical skin-to skin contact (e.g., turn clients, bathe clients), or occurs between
- two clients (e.g., hand contact), or occurs by contact with contaminated inanimate objects in client’s environment
- Private room or with client with same infection but no other infection
- Clean, non-sterile gloves for client contact or contact with potentially contaminated areas
- Change gloves after client contact with fecal material or wound drainage
- Remove gloves before leaving client’s environment and wash hands with antimicrobial agent
- Wear gown when entering room if clothing will have contact with client, environment surfaces, or if client is incontinent, has
- diarrhea, an ileostomy, colostomy, or wound drainage
- Remove PPE (gown) before leaving room
- Use dedicated equipment or clean and disinfect between clients
- Example of diseases in category: infection caused by multidrugresistant organisms (e.g., MRSA and vancomycin-resistant organisms), herpes simplex, herpes zoster, clostridium difficile, respiratory syncytial virus, pediculosis, scabies, rotavirus, hepatitis type A
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neutropenia precautions
- no fresh fruits or salads
- no fresh flowers
- no uncooked veggies
-
standard precautions
- hand-washing
- gloving up; changing gloves between tasks
- using PPE if task involves splashes or sprays of blood, mucous, etc.
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