Micro Unit 1 Lecture

Makes you sick if your immune system is weakened

Always makes you sick

• 1. Eukarya
• a. Fungus
• b. Helminths
• c. Protista/Protozoa

• 2. Bacteria
• a. Bacteria

• 3. Archaea
• a. Archaea

• 1. Prokaryotic
• 2. Unicellular
• 3. Peptidoglycan Cell Walls

• 1. Prokaryotic
• 2. Unicellular
• 3. Lack Peptidoglycan but DO have cell walls
• 4. Live in extreme environments

• 1. Eukaryotic Cells
• 2. Molds and mushrooms are multicellular
• 3. Yeasts are unicellular
• 4. Chitin in cell walls
• 5. Domain Eukarya

• 1. Eukayrotes
• 2. Unicellular
• 3. No cell wall
• 4. Found in aquatic environments
• 5. Most are motile
• 6. Domain Eukarya

• 1. Multicellular animal parasites (Parasitic Worms)
• 2. Eukaryotic cells
• 3. Multicellular
• 4. No cell wall
• 5. Domain Eukarya

• 1. Obligate Pathogen
• 2. "Acellular Akaryotic"
• 3. Non-Living
• 4. Consists of Nucleic Acid with Protein Coat
• 5. Viruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
• 6. No domain because they are not alive

• 1. Highlights entire organism
• 2. Give no differentiating info
• 3. One stain used

• 1. Highlights entire organism
• 2. Gives differntiating info about organisms being stained based on outcome
• 3. More than one type of stain used

Cell that is neither Gram Positive or Negative but instead has a waxy cell wall which isn't stained by gram staining process.

Bacteria with waxy cell walls are acid positive and will stain hot pink

Everything else is acid fast negative and will stain blue

• Pro Euk
• No Nucleus Nucleus
• Circular Chrome Reg Chrome

• No Histones Histone &
• Non Histone

• No Membrane Membrane
• Bound Bound
• Organelles Organells

• Always have Does Not always
• cell wall Have cell wall

Binary Fission Mitosis/Meiosis

The protein DNA winds around

Ball

Hotdog

Spiral

• Coccus
• Bacillus
• Spiral

• 1. Diplo - OO
• 2. Strepto - OOOOOOOOOOO
• 3. Staphlo - OOOO
• OOO
• OOOOO

Coccobacilli - Inbetween

One curve, looks like a comma

More than one curve

• 1. Capsule
• 2. Flagella
• 3. Axial Filaments
• 4. Fimbriae
• 5. Conjugation Pili

Location: Outermost Layer

Function: Attachment Feature/Protection

Location: Appendage sticking out of cell

Function: Taxis/Motility

Prokaryotes have flagella NOT cilia

Location: Under outer membrane - spirochete only

Function: Motility

Location: Appendage sticking out of cell

Function: Attachment and in some cases movement (attach, pull, attch, pull...)

Location: Appendage sticking out of cell

Function: Exchange of genetic materials

Gram neg only

• Pepidoglycan (~ 90%) - Structure
• Teichoic Acids - Transport
• - Meshwork in cell wall where molecules attach to travel through the wall

• LPS - Selective Permeability
• Periplasm - Defense/Transport
• - Space between lipid layers is filled with periplasm. It acts as a moat to prevent "things" from getting across. The goo is filled with toxins. Causes a spike in symptoms in the patients because the goo gets released into the body.
• Porin - Transport
• - Stuck in LPS
• Peptidoglycan (~10%) - Structure

• 1. Plasma Membrane
• 2. Cytoplasm
• 3. Nucleoid
• 4. Plasmid
• 5. Ribosomes
• 6. Inclusions
• 7. Endospores

Location: Surrounds cytoplasm

Function: Semi Permeable Membrane

Location: Fills inside of plasma membrane

• Function: Storage
• Provide Aqueous Environment

Location: Whereever chromosomes are in the cytoplasm

Function: Genetic information necessary for cell reproduction

Location:Within Cytoplasm

Function: Extra chromosomal DNA that may aid in bacterial survival

Location: Throughout Cytoplasm

Function: Protein Synthesis

Location: Within cytoplasm

Function: Reserve deposits of extra necessary materials

Location: ONE within cytoplasm

Function: "Resting" version of bacterial cell that is extremely durable and can survive adverse conditions

1. Saccharomyces exiguus - Sourdough Bread

2. In sewage treatment they convert liquid and organic materials in carbon dioxide and other useful chemicals

3. Decompose dead plants and return cardon dioxide to the atmosphere