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Substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronium ions
Acids
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Certain soluble salts, principally sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, that have the property of combining with acids to form neutral salts
Alkalies
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Substances that dissociate in water produce hydroxide ions (OH−) hydroxyl ions
Base
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The product of ionic concentrations, ([H+] [OH−]); at 25°C Kw = 1 × 10^-14
Dissociation constant of water (Kw)
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The negative logarithm of the hydrogen concentration [H+] in moles/liter. Formula stated as: pH = −log [H+] or, [H+] = 10−pH
pH
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The negative logarithm of the hydroxyl concentration [OH−] in moles/liter. Formula stated as: pOH = −log [OH−] or, [OH] = 10−pOH
pOH
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A compound composed of positive and negative ions held together with an ionic bond
Salt
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DEFINE the following terms
a. Acid
b. Base
c. Salt
d. pH
- Acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+).
- Bases are substances that dissociate and produce hydroxide ions (OH−) in water solutions
- A salt is an ionic compound composed of positive ions and negative ions
- pH negative logarithm of the hydrogen concentration
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DESCRIBE what happens when acids and bases are mixed in solution
Acid and a Base will always produce Salt and Water
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STATE the formula for pH
pH=-log([H+])
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Given 8.3 as the pH, DETERMINE if a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral
- Neutral is 7 in a range from 0 to 14.
- 0 to 6.9 would be an acid
- 7.1 to 14 would be a base
- This is a base
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What is the result of reacting sulfuric acid and magnesium hydroxide
- H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 > MgSO4 + 2H2O
- Acid + Base > Salt + Water
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Give an example of an acid / base chemical reaction
- H2SO4 + 2NaOH > Na2SO4 + 2H2O
- Acid + Base > Salt + Water
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Write the acid / base reaction for phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide
- H3PO4 + 3NaOH > Na3PO4 + 3H2O
- Acid + Base > Salt + Water
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What is the formula for pH and pOH
- pH = -log [H+]
- pOH = -log [OH-]
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What are the pH ranges for acidic, basic, and neutral
- acidic: pH values less than 7
- basic: pH values more than 7
- neutral: pH equal to 7
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Calculate the pH and the pOH of a 0.9M solution of HcL
- pH = -log [H+]
- [H+]=0.9 mol/L
- pH = -log(0.9) = 0.046
- pOH = 14 - pH = 13.954
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Given a pOH of 8.9, what is the [OH-]
- [OH-]=10-pOH
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10-8.9 = 1.259 x 10-9 mol / liter
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What is the pH of a 8 pOH solution
- pH + pOH = 14
- pOH=14 - pH
- pOH = 14 - 8
- pOH = 6
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