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Where did the German politicians draw up a new democratic constitution?
Weimar
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In what Year was Germany forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles?
1919
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Why did some Germans not like the new government?
- ~ Some wanted to return to being ruled by a Kaiser
- ~ Many were unhappy with the signing of the treaty
- ~ There was a shortage of food and lack of jobs. Communists wanted to copy Russia and stage a revolution.
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In what years were there many unsuccessful attempts to overthrow the government?
Between 1919 and 1923
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When was Hitler born?
1889
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Where was Hitler born?
Braunau am Inn
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Where did Hitler go after school?
Vienna
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In what year did Hitler move to Germany?
1913
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What was Hitler awarded when he was in the army in WWI?
Iron Cross First Class
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After the war, what party did Hitler join?
German Workers Party
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When Hitler became leader of the German Workers Party, what did he rename it?
National Socialist German Workers Party
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In what year did Hitler rename the German Workers Party?
1920
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What did the NSDAP later become known as?
Nazi Party
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What were the SA otherwise known as?
Brown shirts
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What were the SS otherwise known as?
Schutzstaffel
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Who were the Sturm Abteilung or brown shirts?
Hitler's followers
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Who were the SS or Schutzstaffel?
Hitler's personal body guards
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What title did Hitler go by?
Der Führer
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In what year was the Beer Hall Putsch?
1923
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Who occupied the Ruhr in 1923?
The French
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What was the Ruhr?
The industrial centre for Germany
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How did France's ownership of the Ruhr have an effect on the Germans?
Hyperinflation caused 1 in 5 Germans to lose their job
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Why did Hitler attempt to start a rebellion in Munich?
He wanted to take advantage of the decrease in jobs so that he could seize power of Germany
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Was the Beer Hall Putsch successful?
No, Hitler failed and was sent to prison for five years
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What was Hitler's book called?
Mein Kampf
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What political aims were outlined in Mein Kampf?
- ~ Tear up the Treaty of Versailles
- ~ Create a Third Reich to unite all German speakers throughout Europe
- ~ Destroy Communism and Socialism
- ~ Remove all Jews from Germany
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In what year did Hitler leave prison?
1924
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How many seats did the Nazi Party win in the Reichstag in 1928?
12
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In what year did the Wall Street Crash occur?
1929
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What happened in the Wall Street Crash?
Many businesses closed and Great Depression started
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Why did the support for Hitler increase after 1928?
- ~Government failed to deal with the Wall Street Crash
- ~Over 6 million people left without jobs
- ~Germans lost faith in Democracy
- ~Growth of Communists scared Germans
- ~Political violence was common
- ~Hitler travelled around and gave speeches
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In what year did the Nazi Party become the most popular party?
1932
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Who appointed Hitler the Chancellor of Germany?
President Hindenberg
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In what year did Hitler become the Chancellor of Germany?
1933
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In what year did Stalin succeed Lenin?
1924
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What were the five year plans for?
To industrialise and modernise the country
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Who introduced the five year plans?
Stalin
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In what way did Stalin control his people?
Terror was used
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Who were Stalin's police?
NKVD
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How did Stalin control the Soviet Union?
- ~NKVD watched civilians
- ~Anybody who opposed him were sent to Gulags or executed
- ~He created a man made famine
- ~Moscow underground was built by slave labour
- ~Great Purge saw many communists shot
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How many army generals had Stalin shot by 1939?
50%
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How did Hitler become a dictator?
- ~Nazis took control of the police
- ~27 Feb 1933: Reichstag set on fire, communist party banned
- ~March 1933: Enabling Act passed, Hitler could make decisions without permission from parliament
- ~1933: All other political parties banned
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Who was the SS led by?
Heinrich Himmler
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Where was the first Concentration camp set up?
Dachau
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Who had control of the concentration camps in Germany?
Heinrich Himmler
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Who was the leader of the SA?
Ernst Röhm
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When was the Night of the Long Knives?
30 June 1934
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What happened on the Night of the Long Knives?
Hitler was convinced that the SA was plotting against him. The Nazi Party arrested and shot most of the SA and other political opponents
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Why did the Germans support Hitler?
- ~Germans were proud of Foreign Policy
- ~Hitler's economic policy was a major success for Germans
- ~Propaganda, directed by Josef Goebbels
- ~Media was highly influenced by Nazi views
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At what age did boys join the Hitler Youth?
14
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At 14, what youth group did German girls join?
League of German Maidens
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Name some events that happened to the Jews in Nazi Germany
- ~1933: Boycott of Jewish shops
- ~Jews not allowed work for the government
- ~Anti-Jewish signs put up around Germany
- ~Many Jews forced to sell their businesses for very cheap prices
- ~1935: Nuremberg Laws passed, Jews could not marry Germans
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When was Kristallnacht?
9-10 November 1938
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What happened in Kristallnacht?
- ~Synagogues in Germany were destroyed
- ~Jewish property and shops were destroyed
- ~Jews were murdered, arrested and sent to concentration camps
- ~Jewish community was fined for the murder of a German diplomat and were forced to pay for the damage of Kristallnacht
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What attack sparked the beginning of WWII?
Attack on Poland, 1939
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What were Hitler's main aims for Foreign Policy?
- ~Tear up the Treaty of Versailles; Germans unhappy with size of army, ban of German troops entering Rhineland, Germany losing land
- ~Unite German speaking countries
- ~German Empire called Lebensraum
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What was rearmament?
Rebuilding the German Military forces
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How did Hitler put his Foreign Policies into effect?
- ~Rearmament
- ~Leaving the League of Nations
- ~1935: conscription
- ~German Navy increased, Luftwaffe set up
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What was conscription?
The German army had more men than were permitted by the Treaty of Versailles
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Who commanded Luftwaffe?
Herman Goering
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When did the German troops cross the Rhine River?
March 1936
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Was the march into Rhineland successful?
Yes, the Versailles Treaty was broken and Hitler had more confidence
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Why did the French not do anything about the march into Rhineland?
They thought the German army was bigger than it was and did not want to risk fighting them
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Why did the British not do anything about the he march into Rhineland?
The British had sympathy for the Germans as they thought the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh. They were also more worried about Stalin
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Who became the Prime Minister in England in 1937?
Neville Chamberlain
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What was appeasement?
The British thought that if they didn't fight back, Germany would not start a war
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What does RASCP stand for?
Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland
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Hat happened at the Munich Conference in 1939?
Britain, France and Italy agreed to hand over the Sudetenland to Germany
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What pact was agreed in August 1939?
Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression pact
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When did Germany declare WWII?
3 September 1939
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RASCP?
- Rhineland- March 1936
- Austria- March 1938
- Sudetenland- September 1938
- Czechoslovakia- March 1938
- Poland- September 1st 1939
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What were the Blitzkrieg tactics?
Planes, tanks, soldiers
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Which German city was heavily bombed?
Warsaw
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Operation Dynamo?
British, rescue at Dunkirk
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Operation Sea Lion?
German, Invading Britain
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Operation Barbarossa?
German, Invading Russia
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Operation Uranus?
Russia, counterattack from Barbarossa
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Operation Overlord?
Allies, D-day
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Operation Manhattan?
America, atomic bomb
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When was the Blitz?
Lasted until May 1941
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Who were the USSR?
Russian army
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