Ch. 6 General Anatomy and Physiology

the study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye, and of what substances they are made. The science of the structure of organisms, or their parts

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures

microscopic anatomy, is the study of the tiny structures found in living tissue

basic unit of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals to human beings

There are ______ of cells in the human body, and they vary widely in size, shape, and purpose

a colorless, jellylike substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present

organelle

Most cells include...

dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. It plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism

all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus

Cytoplasm is a watery fluid that contains the food material necessary for...

the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into 2 indentical cells called daughter cells

As long as conditions are favorable cells will continue to...

Favorable conditions for cell include....

chemical process in which cells are nourished and carry out their activities in living organisms

contructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body

fat; gives smoothness and contour to the body

2 protein fibers that are located in the connective tissue

protective covering on body surfaces

examples of epithelial tissue

tissue that contracts and moves the various parts of the body

carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions.

Nerve tissue is composed of special cells known as ______, which make up the nerves, brain and spinal cord

tissue that is found in the blood and lymph

structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals

Name all the 11 Main Body Systems; (Hint: DR. I.M SCREEN, L)

Which system contains the blood supply; controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

Body System in which food is changed into nutrients and waste; consists of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands

Body system that serves as a protective covering for the body and helps in temperature regulation; consists of skin, accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails

groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions

Functions of the Skeletal System

one of the functions of bone marrow

The human head contains __ bones divided into 2 groups:

an oval, bony case that protects the brain, formed by 8 bones

The face consists of how many bones?

maxilla

lower jaw

Name the 8 bones that make up the cranium

the hindmost bone of the skull; it forms the back of the skull above the nape

bones that form the sides and crown(top) of the cranium

bone that forms the forehead

bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region

the light spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities

joins all the bones of the cranium together

Name the 14 bones of the face

malar bones or cheekbones; form the prominence of the cheeks, or cheekbones

which bones form the upper jaw

The main bones of the neck

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

the seven bones of the top part fo the vertabral column located in the neck region

An elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs

12 pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

shoulder blade; the large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder.

Breastbone; the flat bone that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs

collarbone; joins the sternum and scapula

uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder (funnybone)

palm; consists of 5 long, slender bones

digits, are the bone in the fingers, 3 in each finger and 2 in each thumb, totaling of 14 bones

The study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

The human body has how many muscles

What percent of the 630 muscles are responsible for the body's weight?

Out of the over 630 muscles, how many of them are facial muscles?

skeletal or voluntary, are attatched to the bones and make up a large percentage of body mass and are controlled by the will

Involuntary, visceral, or smooth muscles; function automatically, without conscious will. These muscles are found in the digestive and circulatory systems as well as some internal organs of the body

involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. This type of muscle is uniue and not found in any other part of the body. It is striated and has a crossing, banding pattern that allows contraction and thus the beating of the heart. It is under the control of the autonomic nervous system

the more fixed part of the muscle closest to tthe skeleton, which flexes, but remains stationary

the part of the muscle which is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton.

How is the pressure in massage usually directed

Muscular tissue can be stimulated by

occipitofrontalis; a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull

The epicranius consists of what 2 parts

the back of the epicranius, is the muscle that draws the scalp backward

the anterior (front) portion of the epicranius

a tendon connecting the occipitalis and the frontalis

muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward

the muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward

mastication

a broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin

the muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi

the ring muscle of the eye socket; it closes the eyes

the thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air betweent he lips, as in when blowing a whistle

iliac crest

muscles produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; they lift the forearm, flex the elbow, and turn the palms outward

muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

extensor muscles of the wrist, are involved in flexing the wrist

Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity

Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extemity

a exceptionally well-organized system that is responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed by the body

Every square inch of the human body is supplied with fine fibers known as _____

There are over ___ _____ nerve cells known as ____, in the body

The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is known as ______

afferent nerves; carry impulses or messages form the sense organs to the brain, where sensations such as touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced

efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands. These transmitted impulses produce movement

How many pairs of cranial nerves arise at the base of the brain and the brain stem

The largest of the cranial nerves; It is the cheif sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing

facial nerve; the chief motor nerve of the face

accessory nerve; type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder msucles

is often reffered to as the body's pump; it is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

How many chambers and valves does the interior of the heart contain?

What sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated?

What carries the oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?

The largest artery in the body

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries

How many pints of blood are in the human body?

Normal Body Temperature

external maxillary artery; supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose

Primary functions of the lympatic system

duct glands; produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts. Sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to this group

ductless glands; release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream, which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body

Moving food along the digestive tract

integument=

brething in oxygen absorbed into the blood

breathing outward; carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs