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Loss of transparency of the lens:
A.
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Intraocular structural damage caused by elevated intraocular pressure:
B.
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Blurred central vision caused by progressive damage of the center retina:
A.
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What is the color red of bottle caps?
C.
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What color will this eye drop be: Sulfa drug
A. Tan
- pink = anti-inflammatory/steroids
- red = mydriatis and cycloplegics
- dark green = Miotics
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Flll in:
Eye drops require __a__ minutes in between each drop of same medication and some require __b__ minutes if different medications.
- a. 3-5 minutes
- b. 5-10 minutes
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This is the second leading cause of blindness and first in african americans
Glaucoma: increased ntraocular pressure, optic nerve atrophy, and loss of peripheral vision
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What is normal IOP? What is it with Glaucoma?
- Normal: 10-21
- Glaucoma: >21
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T or F: trauma can be a leading cause of glaucoma and occurs within minutes
False: it is a secondary cause that can occur later
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A patient with IOP of 17 is considered normal or abnormal?
Normal (10-21)
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90% of glaucoma is caused by this
Open Angle glaucoma: drainage angle of the eye becomes less efficient; decreased outflow of aqueous humor
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This eye dz develops slowly, has no s/s until late, and eventually takes away peripheral vision.
Glaucoma (Open angle)
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This is 10% of glaucoma cases. It is d/t lens blocking the pupillary opening, preventing flow of aqeuous humor.
A. Primary Angle closure Glaucoma
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What type of glaucoma is this?
s/s: sudden onset of severe pain, blurring or loss of vision, rainbow halos, light sensitivity, n/v
C.
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This eye d/z requires immediate tx. Person could have total loss of vision if not treated.
C.
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State how these medications will help with glaucoma:
Beta blockers
Pilocarpine
Prednisone
- BB: decrease production of aqueous humor
- Pilocarpine: constricts pupil so flow of AH can get out
- Prednisone: reduce inflammation
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Piloarpine is used for glaucoma. What does it do and what 2 things do you have to warn the patient about it?
- Constricts pupil so flow of AH can get out
- Tell pt. that it initially blurs vision, but will resolve.
- Might cause damage if not taken as ordered
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What does an orange bottle cap signify?
A. CAI (Diamox)
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These are the movements you want to avoid doing if pt. has had eye surgery
- Prolonged bending over
- sneezing/coughing
- rapid jerky movements
- Hyperflexing the neck/back
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This is the first/leading cause of blindness
Cataracts
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T or F: cataracts can occur in one eye or both eyes in different stages
True
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These are clinical manifestations of which eye dz?
decrease in vision actuity, worse at night
abnormal color perception
visible opacity
painless
C.
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T or F: Cataracts can cause secondary glaucoma
True
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This surgery is used for what eye d/z: removing the opacified lens and implanting a new lens.
D.
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What medications will you see during eye surgery (3) and post-op (2)?
- Pre:
- 1. IV sedation and local anesthesia
- 2. Mydriatics (reduce inflammation and dilate eyes)
- 3. Cyclopegics (atropine for dilation)
- Post:
- 1. abx (for a week)
- 2. steroids (maybe longer)
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What s/s will you report to MD during post op care? (4)
- n/v
- pain
- infection
- changes in vision
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List clinical manifestations of retinal detachment
- shadow or curtain falling across field of vision
- sudden onset
- burst of black spots
- flashes of light
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T or F: retinal detachment is not considered an eye emergency
False
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What are the two surgical managements of retinal detachment?
- Laser to close hole
- Scleral buckling: band around eye
- - can also do a silicone implant or patch at hole
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What is a vitrectomy?
sucks out the blood during a tear in the retina
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What post-operative care meds will you see during retinal detachment?
- abx
- steroids
- mydriatics
- cycloplegics
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What are the two types of macular degeneration
- 1. Non exudative (dry) - 90% of cases-radual blockage in retinal capillaries
- 2. Exudative (wet) - new growth of blood vessels-thin walls, allow blood and fluid to leak thru
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This eye d/z has a "wet" and "dry" types, causes blurred, wavy vision, decreased central vision, and lack of depth perception
A.
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what are risk factors for Macular degeneration?
cardiac?
which vitamin?
- age
- smoking
- HTN
- hx
- diet lacking carotene and vitamin A
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This eye dz has no known cure or tx
C.
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