-
cell wall
- made of cellulose, provides structural support to cells
- provides mechanical support that allows plants to stand erect
-
-
-
functions of roots
- (organ of root system)
- absorb water and nutrients
- anchor it to the soil
- storage
-
monocot root
fibrous roots that gather surface water (top of the soil), gathers water when there is rain
-
eudicot root
tap root will grow and goes deep to find stored water regardless of rain fall
-
Lateral roots are __ in structure. Root hairs are __ in structure.
multicellular; unicellular
-
Lateral roots
- epidermis: absorption of nutrients
- Vascular tissue allows water to move long distances. Vascular tissue is bundled in the center (stele)
-
plasmodesmata
- intercellular channels that are lined by extensions of the cell membrane. Tubules running through these channels connect the endomembrane systems of the 2 cells
- Like gap junctions, they permit signaling molecules to pass between cells in such a way that they can be targeted to only one or a few adjacent cells
-
wax between stele and ground tissue
casparian strip
-
goes down at an angle to prop up the plant (keeps the plant upright)
prop root
-
Sweet potato is a type of __
root
-
root system in the air, parasitic
aerial roots
-
traps water and nutrients
buttress roots
-
roots for gas exchange, live in wetlands. Roots go up out of the water to get oxygen
pneumatophores
-
Leaves attach to the stem at the __
node
- Internodes are the spaces between the nodes
-
At every node, there is a __ marking the junction of the node.
axillary bud
-
produces hormones that inhibit growth of the axillary bud. Removing it will allow the axillary buds to grow.
terminal bud
-
types of modified stems
- stolons
- bulbs
- tubers
- rhizomes
-
horizontal stems that grow along the surface, allows asexual reproduction at the nodes
stolons. ex. stems of strawberries
-
vertical shoots underneath the ground with modified leaves that store nutrients
bulbs
-
enlarged ends of rhizomes specialized for storing food
tubers (potatoes)
Potatoes and sweet potato are analogous.
-
horizontal stems below the surface
rhizomes
(swollen stolons)
-
The part of the leaf that comes off the stem is the __
petiole
-
-
types of modified leaves
- tendrils: can be used to hold on to a substrate
- spines (for protection. Cacti uses stems for storage)
- succulent leaves (storage)
- bracts (colored leaves that surround flowers and attract pollinators)
- adventitious (used for asexual reproduction)
-
monocot vs eudicot leaves
 - monocot (left): parallel
- eudicot (right): netlike
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