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What is the Definition of Ultrasonic/Sonic Instrumentation
Power-driven scaling technique that uses water and converts high frequency electrical energy (ultrasonic) or air pressure (sonic) into high frequency sound waves.
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_________ produce rapid vibrations in the instrument tip
High frequency sound waves
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What is the mechanical mode of action
vibrations serve to crush/fracture/shatter calculus
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What is the “Cavitation” mode of action
when water meets the vibrating tip - minute bubbles that collapse and release energy;
Destroys surface bacteria and removes endotoxins from root surfaces
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What is the Irrigation mode of action
water spray dissipates heat and provides flushing of debris, bacteria, endotoxins from perio pockets
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What is the “Acoustic Turbulence” mode of action
hydrodynamic waves created by the intense swirling of fluid within the pocket
Disrupts plaque biofilm
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There is Aerosol Production up to __ feet away
20
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What are the three type of powered scalers
- Sonic
- Magnetostrictive
- Piezoelectric
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What is the power source, cycles per second, sides of the tip activated and motion of the sonic scaler
- Dental unit (air driven)
- 2500-8000 cps
- All
- Elliptical
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What is the power source, cycles per second, sides of the tip activated and motion of the piezo scaler
- Electrical energy
- 25,000 to 50,000 cps
- Lateral sides
- Linear
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What is the power source, cycles per second, sides of the tip activated and motion of the magnetostrictive scaler
- Electrical energy
- 18,000 to 45,000 cps
- All sides
- Elliptical
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What is the mechanism of action of the tip vibration of the piezo scaler
the electrical energy activates crystals in the handpiece
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What is the mechanism of action of the tip vibration of the Magnetostrictive scaler
transfer electrical energy to the metal stacks made of nickel-iron or to a ferrous rod
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Describe the sonic scaler tips
Threaded (Screw-on) Design
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What power does the blue , orange and green wrenches for the piezo scalers represent
- Orange: Medium to High Power
- Blue: Low to Medium Power
- Green: Low Power
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What are some differences between the piezo and the magentostrictive scaler?
Piezo is quieter, more powerful and does not create heat
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Name the parts of the magnetostrictive scaler
- A. Tip
- B. Grip
- C. O-Ring
- D. Connecting body
- E. Magnetostrictive stack
- F. Point
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What is the water delivery of the metal and resin handle?
- Metal handle: external water delivery
- Resin handle: internal water delivery
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What are some features of the swivel design
- 18% larger grip
- Swivels with a slight roll between fingertips
- Less hand fatigue
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What are the two tips sizes of the MAGNETOSTRICTIVE inserts and which one is newer
25 kilohertz(kHz)-older units
30 kHz-newer units
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What is the definition of the Kilohertz
A measure of (energy) frequency equal to 1,000 cycles per second
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Ferromagnetic units operate at _________ cps
42,000
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Which insert is longer the 25kHz or the 30kHz
25kHz
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The higher the frequency (kHz/cps), the ________ the active tip area
50kHz: has an active tip area _____mm long
30kHz: ______ long
25kHz: ______ long
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The metal stacks of the Magnetostrictive inserts are made up of
nickel-iron or a ferrous rod
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What are the actions of depressing the foot petal half way, all the way and tapping it
Water and Ultrasonic
“Boost Mode” (temporary increase in power for tenacious calculus)
Quick tap will keep handpiece activated so can relax foot
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What is the turbo mode?
A button when more power is needed for an extended time (increases power by 25%)
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How efficiently powered instruments remove deposits is determined by the instrument tip’s
- Frequency
- Stroke Length
- Stroke Motion
- Surface (of tip) that comes in contact w/ tooth/root surface
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What is the frequency?
Speed of movement or Number of Vibrations per second (Cycles Per Second/CPS)that the tip moves
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AMPLITUDE or ________ is the _________
- (Stroke)
- Distance of tip movement in micrometers
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High amplitude=_________ stroke
Low Amplitude=_________ stroke
- longer, more powerful
- shorter, less powerful
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Turning the powerknob clockwise ________ without ________
- increases the distance the tip moves (stroke)
- changing the frequency
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The cleaning efficiency is determined by a
combination of ______ and _______
frequency and amplitude
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The stroke length is controlled by the
power knob
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What are the controls for the manual tune units and the auto tune units
- Manual: Controlled frequency, water control and power control
- Auto: Water and power control
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The thinner the tip diameter, the
_______ power setting
lower the
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What are the two tuning options and when are they used for
- In phase: Light to heavy debris (halo)
- Out of phase: Light debris removal and deplaquing (small halo and water drips)
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What is the cps, length, stack length and stroke length of the 25kHz insert
- 25,000 cycles per second
- Longer stack length
- Longer stroke length
- Length is longer than traditional hand instrument
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What is the cps, length, stack length and stroke length of the 30kHz insert
- 30,000 cycles per second
- Shorter stack length
- Shorter stroke length
- Length is the same as a traditional hand instrument
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Which frequency insert do we use at FSW
30kHz
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What is the purpose of connecting body
transmits motion from the stack to the insert tip
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What are some characteristics and purposes of the standard inserts
- Bulkier than most curets
- Larger in size, shorter shanks, comparable to sickle or universal hand-scalers
- Designed for heavier calc removal and easily accessed pockets 4mm or less
- AKA: Universal/ConventionalMedium to High Power
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What are some characteristics of the slim inserts
- 40% thinner in diameter w/longer shanks.
- AKA: “Perio”, “Thin” or “After Five” tips
- Straight and curved designs
- “Right and Left” inserts have complex/curved shanks to access pockets more than 4mm.
- Low to medium power
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A round cross section of the tip is most effective for ________ deposits
lighter deposits and deplaquing
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A Rectangular, Beveled, or Trapezoidal cross section of the tips is most effective for ________ deposits Ex. ______ tips
larger deposits; moderate to heavy calculus removal
#3 Beavertail and #1000 Triple Bend
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What are the characteristics and uses of the Original prophy design insert
Light to heavy and tenacious supra and subgingival deposits
Medium to High Power
External water flow
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What are the characteristics and uses of the #10 Universal inserts
Light to heavy and tenacious supra and subgingival deposits.
Medium to High Power
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What are the characteristics and uses of the #100 Thin inserts
Light to moderate supra and subgingival deposits
40% thinner tip than universal #10
Low to Medium Power only
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What are the characteristics and uses of the #1000 Triple Bend inserts
- Light to heavy and tenacious supra and sub
- Beveled edges to facilitate calculus removal Bends in tip facilitates access interproximally and around line angles
- Low to High Power
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What are the characteristics and uses of the Swivel XT INSERT
- Swivels with a slight roll between fingers
- Larger diameter grip/24% thinner tip diameter than #100 thin
- Tenacious sub
- Low to Medium Power
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