In animals cells, cytoplasmic division is done by furrowing T/F
T
Nuclear membrane begins to break down in prophase. T/F
T
Chromosomes are at their maximum condensation in telophase. T/F
F
Random alignment of the homologous chromosomes happens at metaphase I.
T/F
T
There are two nuclear divisions in mitosis and one nuclear division in meiosis.
T/F
F
Mitosis and cytokinesis give rise to two clones (genetically identical cells).
T/F
T
A human primary oocyte can give rise to only one viable egg.
T/F
T
Sister-chromatids are lined up at the equator of the spindle at:
B) metaphase stage of mitosis
Chromosomes are duplicated in:
a) prophase
b) the G1 stage of interphase
c) the S stage of interphase
d) the G2 stage of interphase
c) the S stage of interphase
Crossing over
a) takes place during prophase I stage of meiosis
b) happens between the nonsister chromatids
c) produces variety in the genetic make up of the gametes
D) all of the above
all of the above
alleas are __
C.
a bell curve indicates __ in a trait
continuous trait
a heterozygote has a __ for a trait being studied
C.
the observable traits of a organism are its __
a. phenotype
b. sociobiology
c, hybrid generation
d. none
a
2nd generation offspring of a cross between parents who are homozygotes fro different alleles are the ___
B.
F1 offspring of the AA X aa are
B.
homozygotes for different. assuming complete dominance, the F2 genration will show a phenotypic ratio of
A. 3:1
b. 9:1
c: 1:2:1
d. 9:3:3:1
a
a testcross is a way to determine___
C.
assuming complete dominance, crosses betwwen 2 dihybrid F1 phenotype rations of ___
A.
the probability of a cross over occurring between 2 genes on the same chromosome ___
A.
a2 genes that are close together on the same chromosome are ___
A.
abbreviation for dihybrid experiment
AABB X aabb
abbreviation for monohybrid experiement
Aa X Aa
abbreviation for homozygous condition
bb
abbreviation for heterozygous condition
Aa
The ___ of chromosomes in a cell are compared to construct karyotypes
C.
the ___ determines sex in humans
D.
if one parent is heterozygous fro a dominate autosomal allele & the other parent does not carry the allele, a child of theirs has a _____ chance of being heterozygous
A.
expanision mutations occur __ within & between genes in human chromosomes
d only in multiples of there
B.
name one X-linked recessive genetic disorder
hemophilia
red-green color blindness
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
men are about 16x more likley to be affected by red- green color blindless than women. WHY
genes for red & green light photoreceptors are located on X chromosome
T/F
A son can inherit an X- linked recessive allele from his father
F
color blindness is a case of ______ inheritance
A.
a ____ can alter chroms structure
E.
nondisjunction may occur during___
C.
T/F
body cells may inherit 3 or more of each other of chrome characteristic of the species, a condition called polyploidy
T
the karyotype fro klinefelter sydrome is____
C.
a recognied set of symptomes that characterize a species disorder is a ____
B.
def polyploidy
extra sets of chromes
def deletion
a chrome segment lost
def aneuploidy
one extra chrome
def translocation
segment of a chrome moves to a nonhomologous chrome
def karyotype
# & defining features of an individual's metaphase chromosomes
def nondisjunction during meiosis
gametes w/ the wrong chrome #
bacteriophages are viruses that infect ___
bacteria
which is not a nucleotide base in DNA?
F.
what are the base pairing rules for dna
B.
one species dna differds from others in its __
C.
when dna replication begins
D.
dna requires
D.
dna polymearse adds nucleotides to ____ (choose all correct)
D.
show complementry strand of dna that forms on the template for dna fragment during replication
5' GGTTTCTTCAAGAGA 3'
3' CCAAAGAAGTTCTCT -5'
______ IS AN EXAMPLE OF REPRODUCTION CLONING.
D.
def bacteriphage
injects dna into bacteria
def clone
copy of an organism
def nucleotide
nitrogen- containing base, sugar, phosphate groups
def purine
nucleotide base with 2 carbon rings
def dna ligase
fills in gaps, seals breaks in a dna strand
def dna polymearse
adds nucleotides to a growing dna strand
def pyrimidine
nucleotide base with one carbon ring
T/F
A homozygote has a pair of identical alleles whereas a heterozygote has a pair of nonidentical alleles
T
T/F
Pink color of flowers produced by snapdragon plants is an outcome of incomplete dominance.
T
T/F
If a woman’s genotype at the ABO locus is IA i, her blood type is O.
F
T/F
Pleiotropy refers to traits which are resulted from multiple genes.
F
T/F
AB blood type is an outcome of co-dominance.
T
T/F
Breast cancer is a sex-limited trait.
T
T/F
Mendel performed dihybrid crosses to test his theory of independent assortment.
T
T/F
Most of human traits are multifactorial traits.
T
In a paternity suit, a woman with type AB blood accuses a man with type O blood of fathering her child. The child has type AB blood. Could the man be the child’s father?
a) yes
b) no
b) no
woman
i IA IB
man
i IA i IB
i IA i IB
The offspring could be A or B blood type but not AB!
The F2 phenotypic ratio of Mendel’s monohybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
E
Gregor Mendel discovered:
C)
The phenotype of an organism:
a) are the traits of that organism
b) is affected by the environment
c) is affected by its genotype
d) all of the above
D
Offspring of the cross AA* aa are:
a) all AA
b) all aa
c) all Aa
d) 1/2 aa and 1/2 AA
C
) The F2 phenotypic ratio of Mendel’s dihybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
C
The F2 genotype ratio of Mendel’s monohybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
D
T/F
An XO woman is fertile.
F
t/F
Human males determine the gender of the offspring.
T
t/f
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an X-linked dominant trait.
T
t/f
XYY males are fertile.
T
t/f
Nondisjunction at anaphase I or anaphase II frequently results in aneuploidy.
T
A hemophiliac woman has offspring with a normal man. What are the chances of
hemophilia occurring in their children?
a) 75%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 0%
B
woman
Xh Xh
XH XHXh XHXh
man
Y YXh YXh 50% of the offspring will be hemophiliacs!
def hemophilia
X-linked recessive disorder
def Klinefelter syndrome
individual has XXY genotype
def cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive disorder
def deletion
. Cri-du-chat
def Turner Syndrome
individual has X0 genotype
def Down’s Syndrome
individual has three of number 21
SRY gene is located on
. the Y chromosome
presence of three or more of each type
of chromosome in gametes or somatic cells.
polyploidy
t/f
Adipose tissue cells are filled with lipids.
T
t/f
Glial cells conduct nerve impulses while neurons support the glial cells.
F
t/f
Endocrine glands produce and release hormones
T
t/f
In negative feedback, the stimuli are intensified several folds before homeostasis is resumed.
F
t/f
The walls of the stomach are lined with skeletal muscle tissue
F
t/f
Collagen and elastin are typically found in connective tissue
T
t/f
The function of simple squamous is diffusion.
T
t/f
Simple columnar epithelium is found in the lining of gut and respiratory tract
T
t/f
The outer layer of skin is consisted of simple epithelium.
F
Striated and involuntary muscle is
cardiac muscle
Glands are derived from:
a) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
c) epithelial tissue
d) cartilaginous tissue
c) epithelial tissue
a___ is a specialized connective tissue that contains chondrocytes.
a) cartilage
b) muscle
c) bone
d) blood
a) cartilage
Tendons and ligaments consist of:
a) loose connective tissue
b) dense connective tissue
c) cartilage
d) bone
b) dense connective tissue
A heat-sensitive neuron in your skin is an example of a:
a) sensory receptor
b) effector
c) promotor
d) integrator
a) sensory receptor
A chrome contains many genes that re transcribed into different __
D.
a binding site for rna polymerase is a ______
promoter
energy that derives transcription is provided by ____
high energy phosphate bonds of free nucleotides
An rna molecule is typlically ____ stranded
single
Rnas form by ___; proteins form by ___
B.
____ remain in mRNA
a. introns
b. exons
B
how many codons contribute the genetic code
64
most codons specify a ____
D.
anticoons pair w/ ___
D.
energy that deres translation is provided by______
D.
translate this nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence, starting at the first base:
5’G G U U U C U U C A A G A G A 3’
gly- phe-phe-lys-arg
name one cause of muatations
replication error, ionizing or non ionizing radation, transposable elemnts, & toxic chemicals are mentioned in the text
def genetic msg
read as base triplets
def sequence
linear order of bases
def polysome
occurs only in groups
def exon
protein coding mRNA
def genetic code
set of 64 codons
def intron
removed b4 translation
def transposable element
gets around
which statement is false
B.
plant hormones ____
E.
__ is the strongest stimulus for phototropism
D.
___ light makes phytochrome switch from inactive to active form; ___ light has the opposite effect
A.
in some plants, flowring is a___ response
D.
def ethylene
the last of ur apples is getting really mushy
def cytokinin
lateral buds on ur ficus plant are sprouting branch shoots
def auxin
the philodendron in ur room is leaning toward the window
def gibberellin
ur cabbage plants bolt (they form elgogated flowering stalks
def abscisic acid
the seeds of ur roomates marijuana plant don’t germinate no mater what he does to them
a plant hormone that promotes leaf detachment,
-induces seed and bud dormancy, and inhibits germination.
simple squamous epithemulm
function & where
– blood vessel walls air sacks of lungs
– -function diffusion
simple cuboidal epithelium
function & where
- glands kidney
-secretion & absorbtion
simple coulumnar epithelium
function & where
– lining of gut & respitory tract
-secretion & absorbtion
Aneuploidy
the gametes or cells an affected individual end up with one extra or one less chromosome than is normal.
Polyploidy
of three or more of each type chromosome in gametes or cells. It is common in plants but fatal in humans.
Tetraploid
result if cytoplasmic divisiondoes not follow normal DNA replication and mitosis
Nondisjunction
Anaphase 1 or 2 change in # of chrome
tissues I smade of tight ly connected cells
function on one free surface
Turner Syndrome XO
involves females whose cells have only one X chromosome ( non fertile)
Klinefelter Syndrome xxy
extra X chromosome in the cells (XXY) of these affected males ( non fertile)
