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Name underlying reasons for the Great War.
- Nationlism
- Imperialism
- Triple Alliance
- Triple Entente
- Military Build Up
- International Issues
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What years were the disput over Morrocco?
1905 - 1911
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When and why were the Balkan Wars?
1912 - 1913, Dispute over Bosnia
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What was the immediate cause of the Great War?
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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When was Archduke Ferdinand assassinated?
June 28, 1914
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What Serbian group tried to assassinate Ferdinand?
Black Hand
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Who succeeded at killing Ferdinand? How?
Gavrilo Princip, shot Ferdinand, from five feet away, in the neck, hitting his wife in the abdomen.
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What was the result of the assassination of the archduke?
Austria - Hungary declared war on Serbia and because of the Triple Alliance and the Trip Entente, war starts in August.
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How the the Alliances effect the war's start?
- Austrians declare war on Serbia, SO
- Germany declares war on Serbia too, SO
- Russia (ally to Serbia) declares war on Germany and Austria, SO
- France (ally to Russia) declares war on them as well
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How does Great Britain get involved?
- Germany marched through Belgium to take out France, SO
- Great Britain (ally with Belgium, Russia, and France) declares war on Germany.
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Who were the Central Powers?
- Germany
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy(?)
- Turkey
- Various Others
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Who were the Allied Powers(Entente)?
- Great Britain
- France
- Russia
- Italy(?)
- Japan
- U.S.
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What happened in September 1914?
- Germany sent troops to get to Paris.
- French and British troops advance and split the German army
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How did the French troops end up defeating the Germans?
After 3 days of fighting, new troops were carried to the front by taxi cabs.
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What was happening on the Eastern front in 1914?
In russia, became stalemate?
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What happened in the Southern Front?
Austria-Hungary tried 3x to defeat the allies.
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What happened on the Turkish front?
- Turkey joined the Central Powers, SO
- Russia, France, and Great Britian declare war on Turkey.
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What type of weapons were used to defeat the allies?
Mustard Gas during battle and Asphyxiates in the trenches
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Describe Trenches.
- Deep holes dug to avoid being shot
- Protected by barbed wire and mine field - No Man's Land
- Full of rats and vermin
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How long did men live in the trenches?
Often for years at a time.
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How big were the trenches?
- Many layers of trenches
- 25,000 miles of trenches built 6 - 8 feet deep by 4 - 5 feet wide
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What happened during the Christmas of 1914?
- None of the soldiers wanted to fight
- Sang Christmas carols with each other and played football
- Forced to return fighting the next day
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What were the two MAJOR battles fought before America joined the war?
- 1. Battle of Verdun (Feb. 1916)
- 2. Battle of the Somme
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Who attacked whom in the Battle of Verdun?
Germans attacked the French fortress of Verdun
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In the Battle of Verdun, what were the number of soldiers from each side?
1 million German versus 200,000 French
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Verdun?
French held them off until May (3 months), but Germans won. A Second battle of verdun was fought later and France regains their territory
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Who fought at the Battle of the Somme?
French and British were supposed to work together, but because so many French were needed at Verdun, became a British battle against Germany
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how long did the Battle of Somme last?
From July to November.
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What special weapon was first used in the Battle of Somme?
The Tank.
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How many casualties were there in the Battle of Somme?
330,000
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In 1915, one country switches side? Who? and Why?
Italy thought Germany was losing the battle, so it left the Central Powers to join the Allies.
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Who was president at the war's beginning?
Woodrow Wilson
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What were his thoughts about the war?
- Wanted to be a "moral compass" for the world.
- Just wanted to lead the territories, not expand.
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America was having it's own problems with what two areas?
- 1. Mexico
- 2. the Caribbean
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What were the beginning of America's problems with Mexico?
The President of Mexico was killed, and Victoriana Huerta took over.
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Why were the Mexicans unhappy with the US?
- Wilson refused to extend diplomacy to the new govt (because they were EVIL)
- Wilson sent weapons to Huerta's opposition
- Wilson blockaded Huerta's supplies
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Who helped bring peace between the US and Mexico?
ABC Powers
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Who were the ABC Powers?
Argentina, Brazil and Chile
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Who took over in Mexico after Huerta's death?
Pancho Villa
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What did Villa do to tick off Wilson?
killed 18 Americans and led raid into New Mexico
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Who was sent into Mexico to stop Pancho Villa?
John "Blackjack" Pershing
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What did Blackjack do in Mexico?
He and his 11,000 troops were unable to find Pancho Villa, so they left.
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How was Wilson different than Roosevelt?
Wilson did not abide by the "big stick" policy
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America helped _____ and _____ become democracies.
Haiti and Dominican Republic
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What happened in Haiti?
- Haiti was an anarcy in 1914 and 1915
- Wilson sent Marines to control it
- They stayed there until 1934
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What happened in the Dominican Republic?
Marines suppressed violence by the locals and stayed there from 1916 - 1924
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Why did America helping other countries cause problems?
Some latin american nations resented the US "interference" in their governments.
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