ATC Notecards 1

• Prevention
• Recognition/Assessment
• Management
• Rehabilitation

** ATs and PTs CANNOT DIAGNOSE; ONLY TREAT**

• § Flexibility
• § Proper warm up/cool down
• § Nutrition/rest
• § Equipment
• § Environment
• § Taping/wrapping
• § Proper Technique/Agility/Endurance
• § Balance between muscle groups
• § Conditioning (be in shape)
• § Length of practices (should be 1½ to 2 hours)
• § Hydration
• § Educate on risk of participation (athlete, parents, coaches, etc.)

• § Should be able to assess without touching but by observing and listening
• § Evaluation on field or in training room
• § HOPS + F

History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests, Functional Tests

• Observation
• - Ambulating (walking) off field/into training room
• - Swelling
• - Deformity
• - Discoloration (Ecchymosis) – superficial bruising

·

• History
• - What happened?
• - When did it happen?
• - Why/How did it happen?
• - Any history of injury to that area?

• Observation
• - Ambulating (walking) off field/into training room
• - Swelling
• - Deformity
• - Discoloration (Ecchymosis) = superficial bruising

• Palpations
• - BLT with M = Bones, Ligaments,Tendons with Muscles
• - Looking for pain,swelling, warmth or deformity

• Special Tests
• - Anterior drawer for ACL tear, etc. (lock-man test)
• - Used to rule out or confirm

and

• Functional Tests
• - APART = Active ROM, Passive ROM, Active Resisted ROM Testing

• § Reduce Pain
• § Reduce Swelling
• § Restore normal ROM, strength, and function
• § Return to ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)
• § Treat everyone individually

• Ø Team Physician (clears athletes to play)
• § Conducts “PPE” – Pre Participation Exam; any organized sport requires a physical before participation can be allotted
• § Determines playing status
• § Has final words on return to play

• Ø Athletic Trainer
• § Prevention – educate athlete on proper equipment, nutrition, stretching, during the preseason
• § Recognition, evaluation and assessment of injuries if they do occur
• § Immediate care – refer to physician
• § Treatment, rehab and reconditioning; the worst thing that an AT can do is put an athlete back into play without reconditioning (predisposes to further/worse injury)
• § Organization and Administration – Record keeping and emergency plan
• § Professional development and responsibility – Educate public; it’s ATs’ responsibility to educate the
• public

• Ø Coach
• § Responsible if no AT on site

• Ø Sport Participant – Responsible for reporting injuries in a timely manor, the compliance of AT
• instructions, wearing proper equipment and wearing it correctly. Also required
• to come into the season in shape and in proper nutrition

• Ø Student Athletic Trainer
• – Interns/students; relied on to do some of the “grunt” work, but get to witness taping and other valuable firsthand experience

Ø Facilities, Food Services, etc.

• Ø Primary Care Physician – Managed healthcare; important to avoid the ER at all costs because they will
• treat all conditions extremely conservatively
• § Can not override team physician
• § Has final word in team physician is out of town

Injury to a ligament

• Injury to a muscle or a tendon
• - Mild - 1st degree = less than 1/3 injured
• - Moderate - 2nd degree = 1/3 to 3/4 injured
• - Severe - 3rd degree = 3/4 to complete tear/rupture

Complete separation that usually occurs at a ball-and-socket joint (and stays out)

Usually occurs at ball-and-socket joints, though it can occur in carpal and tarsal bones as well; the bone slips to rim of socket and slides back in

• A disruption in continuity of bone
• - i.e. Complete stress
• - Can be an emergency, but a lot of the time it can simply be immobilized and seen the following day (again, avoiding the ER)

A bruise or forceful blow to body part resulting in swelling and ecchymosis (i.e. discoloration)

An isolated contusion, more localized; contains fluid and lymph in addition to the swelling

• Every profession has a set standardized secondary survey, but each profession is different
• In AT it is the SOAP Note = Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
• It gathers subjective and objective information to make an assessment and devise a plan for rehabilitation

• Subjective information
• (The "History" Portion of HOPS+F)
• - What they said
• - Pain level
• - What/where/when/why/how did it happen
• - Previous injury and treatment,
• - Medications
• - Allergies
• - Equipment

• Objective information - Anything Observed
• - Ambulation, swelling, ecchymosis, deformity, palpations, special/functional tests
• - Active ROM
• *ROM gained on their own
• - Passive ROM
• *ROM gained by the examiner
• - Active and Resistive ROM
• *ROM while resisting against the examiner

• Assessment - Side, structure, joint, injury, and degree
• - Left/right, tendon/ligament/bone/capsule, joint, strain/sprain, degree
• - Example: Right, ACL, knee, sprain, 2nd degree

• Plan - What is done:
• - Including frequency and duration
• - Patient education (write down and send home)
• - Exercises (specific)
• - Short-term goals (2-3 weeks)
• * Increase ROM
• * Decrease ROM
• - Long-term goals (+3 weeks)
• * Bilateral equality in strength and ROM
• * Activities of daily living (ADLs)
• - Modalities (reduce pain and swelling)
• * Cryotherapy (ice), E-stim, ultrasound, etc.
• - Home education program (HEP) – recovery takes effort

Both a Primary and Secondary survey

• Primary survey:
• - ABC and neurological if needed

• Secondary survey:
• - Subjective – History
• - Objective – Observation, Palpation, Special/Functional Tests
• - Assessment
• - Plan

• Medical history
• Physical exam
• Fitness Profile
• Medical Date Information Cards

• § Family, pre-existing
• § Establish rapport
• § 60 – 75% of problems

• § Vitals
• § Cardiovascular shape
• § Pulmonary
• § Musculoskeletal
• § Neurological
• § Eyes, teeth
• § Heat illnesses
• § Possible lab work

• § Body composition (especially wrestlers)
• § Flexibility
• § Strength, Power, Speed
• § Agility
• § Cardiovascular

• § Full name of athlete
• § Address and phone #’s
• § SS# and DOB
• § Both parents names and phone #’s
• § Insurance information
• * Name (BCBS)
• * Policy holder (parent, spouse, self)
• * Member ID #
• * Group #
• § Allergies and current medications
• § Other: diabetes, epilepsy, surgeries, etc.

• You must keep paper work for 7 years in GA!
• Write down dates, times, names and actions for everything!