Genetics and Evolution

Certian triats that result in greater reproductive success in particular environment.

Each member of a gene pair or group.

When a heterozygous combination of alles (genes) is positively fovored.

Certain traits that will genreally decline in frequency or even dissaear eventually.

The variation of frequency from one end of the region to the other.

The exchange sections the pair of homologus chromosomes in meiosis during seperation.

Increases the frequency of a trait (the trait is positively fovored and average value shifts over time toward the adaptive trait)

The main process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits through time, which involves 3 conditions: variation, heritability, an ddifferential reproductive success.

Average value does not change, but natural selection removes the extremes.

One cause of shufflig or sorting of chromosomes in meiosis, where an individual could get any of the possible assortments of paternal and maternal chromosomes.

• Genetics: Genetics rcombination and mutation
• Processes: Gene flow and Genetic drift
• Potential surce: Hybirdization

Change in the DNA sequence.

Various random processes that affect gene frequencies in small, relatively isolated populations. Two variety of genetic drifts are founder and bottleneck effect.

The process whereby genes pass from one population to another through mating and reproduction.

A population that conssits of organisms able to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offspring.

The creation of a vible ofspring from two different species.

The development of a new species, may occur if one subgroup of a species finds itself in radically different environment and undergo enough gentic changes to prevent the two population from interbreeding.

Traits frequencies change only gradually over time.

New species involve quickly; but once a sucessful species emerges; its characteristics are likely to change very little over a long periods of time.