a) the archaea
b) the protistans
c) the fungi
d) all of the above
a) the archaea
The molecule associated with energy transfer in living organisms is:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid
b) lipids
c) ATP
d) carbon
c) ATP
A community and its physical and chemical environment constitute:
a) a population
b) the biosphere
c) an ecosystem
d) an organ system
c) an ecosystem
The molecule of inheritance is:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid
b) lipids
c) ATP
d) carbon
a) deoxyribonucleic acid
Which of the following is not a requirement of all living things:
a) reproduction
b) metabolism
c) adaptation
d) aerobic respiration
e) none of the above
d) aerobic respiration
The one-way flow of energy through the biosphere starts with energy input from:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid
b) the sun
c) ATP
d) aerobic respiration
b) the sun
The scientific name for human is HOMO SAPIENS. HOMO is the genus and SAPIENS is the specie. The scientific way to refer to human is:
E) Homo sapiens
Decomposers include certain bacteria and fungi.
T
Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
F
The atom of element Phosphorus has 16 neutrons and 15 electrons.
What is the atomic number for Phosphorus atom?_____
15
Element Helium(He) has atomic number of 2.
Do you consider this element reactive or inert?
inert
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form
a) ionic bonds
b) covalent bonds
c) hydrogen bonds
a) ionic bonds
The normal range of blood pH indicates:
a) 7.3-7.5
b) 5.5-6.3
c) 7.8-8.3
d) above 8.5
a) 7.3-7.5
Two atoms of oxygen are bond together by double covalent bond. How many electrons do they share?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 5
b) 4
Neutrons are negatively charged. T/F
F
Water is a great solvent of polar molecules. T/F
T
In a polar covalent bond, electrons are equally shared. T/F
F
Loss of a protein’s normal 3-D shape because of high temperatures or changes in pH is
called:
a) metabolism
b) denaturation
c) hydrolysis
d) condensation
b) denaturation
In a condensation reaction, two small molecules covalently bond to form a larger molecule. T/F
T
Ribose is a 6-carbon monosaccharide. T/F
F
5
building blocks of nucleic acids are
nucleotides
building blocks of proteins are
amino acids
building blocks of most lipids are glycerol &
fatty acids
building blocks of carbohydrates are
monosaccharides
If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved solutes than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be hypotonic T/F
F
hyper
In active transport solutes are transported down their concentration gradient. T/F
F
Up their concentration gradient- hypo to hyper.
Phospholipids contain a hydrophobic head and two hydrophillic tails. T/F
F
Two hydrophobic tails and one hydrophillic head.
Plant cells but not animal cells have:
a) Golgi bodies
b) ER
c) plastids
d) central vacuole
e) c & d
e) c & d
synthesis of proteins takes place in
rough er
photosynthesis takes place in
chloroplasts
synthesis of lipids takes place in
smooth ER
modify, sort, package &ship proteins & lipids
Golgi bodies
provide movement for the cells
flagella
digestion in the cell is done by
lysosomes
ATP is produced in
mitochondrion
What would be the complimentary strand of DNA to the DNA strand below?
DNA
3’A-T-C-G-T-T-G-A-C-A-T-T 5’
5’ T-A-G-C-A-A-C-T-G-T-A-A 3’
5'- 3'
One species’ DNA differs from others in its
a) sugars
b) phosphate groups
c) nucleotide sequence
d) all of the above
nucleotide sequence
DNA replication results in
a) four molecules, half-old, and half-new strands
b) two molecules, each with one old strand and one newly assembled strand of nucleotides
c) three double-stranded molecules, one with new strands and two that are discarded
d) none of the above
b) two molecules, each with one old strand and one newly assembled strand of nucleotides
DNA binding proteins __________________
stabilize the single-stranded DNA & the strands apart
DNA polymerase
adds DNA nucleotides to the primer to build the strand
complex & important enzyne
ligase
joins Okazaki fragments seals small gaps
helicase
unwinds parental DNA double helix
Primase
produces & adds primers to template strand
Watson & Crick
discovered the double helix structure of DNA
What would be the mRNA transcribed from this DNA sequence?
DNA
3’T-A-C-A-T-A-A-G-G-A-A-T-T-C-T-A-C-T5/
mRNA
5’A-U-G-U-A-U-U-C-C-U-U-A-A-G-A-U-G-A3’
The RNA molecule is
a) a double helix
b) single-stranded
c) double-stranded
d) none of the above
b) single-stranded
mRNA is produced by
a) replication
b) transcription
c) translation
b) transcription
The five-carbon sugar found in RNA is:
a) galactose
b) ribose
c) deoxyribose
d) glucose
b) ribose
The loading of mRNA onto an intact ribosome occurs during
a) translation
b) transcription
c) transcript processing
d) none of the above
a) translation
The enzyme used during transcription is DNA polymerase.___ T/F
F
replication
A codon is a double nucleotide on mRNA.___T/F
F
sequence of three adjacent bases on an mRNA
initiation
the first tRNA carrying methionine binds ribosome and mRNA
elongation
tRNA molecules carrying amino acids add to the growing polypeptide chain
termination
a stop codon is reached
The final product(s) of glycolysis include:
a) glucose molecules
b) pyruvate molecules
c) ATP
d) b & c
e) a & c
d) b & c
Oxygen is formed during:
A) the non-cyclic pathway of ATP
Cell’s ability to acquire energy and use it to, store, build, or break apart substances is
called:
a) biochemistry
b) photosynthesis
c) respiration
d) metabolism
d) metabolism
Enzymes
a) speed/catalyze metabolic reactions
b) lower the activation energy
c) get used up during a reaction
d) a & b
e) a & b & c
d) a & b
In the non-cyclic pathway of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, two photosystems are involved. T/F
T
Glucose is formed in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.
T/F
F
The starting molecule in glycolysis is pyruvate
T/F
F
Glucose
Krebs cycle of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm
T/F
F
mitochondrian
CO2 is released during Krebs(citric acid) cycle. T/F
T
Light-independent stage of photosynthesis takes place in the grana
T/F
F
stroma
In exergonic reactions, energy is released. T/F
T
Endergonic needs energy
What are the levels of organization for multicelled organisms? SAMOCTOOO
subatomic particles,
atoms,
molecules,
organelles,
cells,
tissues,
organs,
organ systems,
organisms
What are the levels of environmental organization? PCEB
Population,
community,
ecosystem,
biosphere
What is the order of life diversity from most inclusive to least inclusive? DKPCOFGS
domain,
kingdom,
phylum,
class,
order,
family,
genera,
specie
What is inert?
non-reactive
what are differences and similarities between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic- simpler DNA, single celled
Eukaryotic- more complex DNA, larger, multicelled, but have single cells of protista
Similarities-
DNA
cell membrane,
cytoplasm,
ribosomes
WHat determines an atoms physical and chemical properties?
the number of protons and the arrangement of its electrons
what are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons called?
isotopes
How many orbitals are in each shell?
Depends on the molecule, but there is
one orbital in the first shell, four in the second shell,
and 4-9 in the third shell. They can have a maximum of 18 electrons
What is a negatively or positively charged atom called?
ion
what is an ionic bond?
strong mutual attraction of two opposite charged ions
whats a covalent bond
a bond that holds together two atoms that SHARE one or more pairs of electrons
What is a polar covalent bond?
when atoms share electrons unequally, and there is a slight difference in charge. Like water.
What is a hydrogen bond?
What is a hydrogen bond?when an atom or molecule interacts weakly with a hydrogen atom already taking part in a polar covalent bond.
What is cohesion?
the capacity to resist rupturing. It helps impart surface tension and pull water through plants.
What is pH?
the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The greater the H+, the lower the scale
alleles
different forms of one gene
mutation
Spirochetes
include the bacterium that causes syphilis
Proteobacteria
include the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli
Cyanobacteria
include bacteria that photosynthesize.
dernation
loss of 3d shape of protein due to exposure of high heat & low ph.
necletide bases (4) ATCG
adenine
thymie
cytosine
guanine
cell theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2.The cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life.
3. The continuity of life arises directly from the growth and division of single cells.
peptidoglycan is absent in _____
archaea
colors of gram + & gram -
+= purple
-= red / pink
endosymbiosis bacteria vs mitochondira/ chloroplasts
endo:
1. have circular dna
2. have ribos
3. reproduce
4. are small (1-10mm)
mito/chloro:
1. have their own circular dna
2. have their own ribo
3. can multiply
4 are as small as bacteria
they were once bacteria
The nucleotides bases T and C are single-ring are called
pyrimidines;
A and G are double-ring are called
purines
where does transcription occur
nucleus
where does translation occurs
cytoplasm
label 3'5 & 5' 3
with DNa and mRNA stand
dna: 3'5
mrna: 5'3
~~~~~___ are fundamental building blocks of all matter
