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CNS
Enumerate indications and adverse effects of ketamine. [TU 2073/7]
Mention the anesthetic properties of ketamine . List its uses. [TU 2070/5]
Explain mechanism of action and adverse effects of Bupivacaine . 2070/12
Clinical use of benzodiazepines. [TU 2055]
Classify general anesthesia. Describe anaesthetic properties of sodium thiopentone. [TU 2072]
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Musculoskeletal system
Describe the mechanism of action of Pancuronium. Why is it not useful for performing endotracheal intubation. Give rationale for the drugs used for reversing its action after the surgery is over. [TU 2073/7]
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Gastrointestinal system
Enumerate various antiemetics that can be useful to manage a post operative nausea and vomiting with their therapeutics basis. [TU 2072]
Classify the prokinetic drugs . Enumerate the adverse effects of Metoclopramide. [TU 2070/12]
Enumerate the proton pump inhibitors and describe in brief their mechanism of action. [TU 2060/4]
Enumerate the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors. [TU 2062]
Describe dual and triple therapy regimen in H pylori infections. List the important differences between the two regimens. [TU 2054]
Short note on Drugs inducing pancreatitis. [TU 2064/3]
Medial management of GORD. [TU 2055]
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Blood diseases
Explain mech of action of enoxaparin and mention its adverse effects. [TU 2073]
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Respiratory System
Inhalational steroids in bronchial asthma. [TU 2057]
Treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis. [TU 2056]
Important drug interactions with theophylline. [TU 2054]
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Fat embolism 2070/12
Rejection reactions 2070/12
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- Drug use in pregnancy 2056
- Plasma half life of a drug. 2056
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Classify anti arrhythmic agents based on clinical usefulness. Describe their mechanism of actions and important contraindications. 2054
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H. Drugs to be avoided in liver diseases 2054
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3) Short notes on therapy on HIV, treatment of drug resistant TB, adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy, plasma half life of a drug. 2057/2056
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5) General principles of cancer chemotherapy. 2058
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7) Short note on adverse drug reaction; use of drugs in renal impairment. 2057/2058
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Drug use in pregnancy. 2056/57
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Major differences in prescribing children and elderly people. 2055
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Cardiovascular system
Short notes on ACE inhibitors, general principles of antimicrobial therapy. [TU 2058]
Uses of calcium channel blockers in surgery. [TU 2062]
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Antibiotics
Differences among quinolones. [TU 2064/12]
Short note on Aminoglycosides. [TU 2056,57]
Drug resistance in TB. [TU 2058/2057/2056]
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Describe the various antibacterials effective for treatment of pyogenic infections with their rationale. 2073/7
Classification of antibiotics
- 1, Cell wall inhibitors
- - Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin
- - Carbopenam (Imipenam, Meropenam)
- - Monobactam (Atreonam)
- 2. Protein synthesis inhibitors
- - Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines (work on 30s)
- - Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Linezolid, cLindamycin (work on 50s)
- 3. Nucleic acid inhibitors
- - Sulfonamides
- - Trimethoprim
- - Quinolones
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Enumerate the drugs used for treating hospital acquired pseudomonas infection with their mechanism of action. [TU 2070/5]
- 1. Extended spectrum penicillins - Ticarcillin, Piparacillin
- 2. Third generation cephalosporins - Ceftazidine, Cefoperazone
- 3. Fourth generation cephalosporins - Cefepime
- 4. Aminoglycosides - Gentamycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin
- 5. Carbapenams - Imipenam, Meropenam
- 6. Fluoroquinolones - Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin
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Treatment of tuberculosis?
Duration of treatment - 6 months. For TB Osteomyelitis, Miliary TB and TB meningitis - duration is >6months.
- Catagory I
- - New smear positive PTB
- - Smear negative PTB
- - Extrapulmonary TB
- - Initiation phase - 2HRZE
- - Continuation phase - 4HR
- Catagory II
- - Sputum smear positive - relapse, treatment failure and return after default
- - Initiation phase - 2HRZES + 1HRZE
- - Continuation phase - 5HRE
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Multidrug resistance?
Resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniaide
Second line drugs - Amikacin, Kanamycin, Ethionamide, Cycloserine, Ciprofloxacin, Capreomycin, Thiacetaone, Paraaminosalicylic acid
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Extensively drug-resistant TB?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). MDR TB is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs.
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