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Define biological psychology.
Study of physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience.
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Distinguish among physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior.
- PHYSIOLOGICAL= relates behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs.
- (Ex: Brain activity controls muscles)
ONTOGENETIC= the development of structure and behavior through genes, nutricion, experiences, and interactions.
- EVOLUTIONARY= behavior evolved in our remote ancestors and we inherit them.
- (Ex: Goosebumps)
- FUNCTIONAL= a structure or behavior that is developed.
- (Ex: defense mechanisms, characteristic traits that give an advantage, seadragon)
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What is the mind-body problem?
Relationship between mind and body
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What is dualism?
The belief that mind and body are different kinds of substances that exist independently
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Who was Rene Descartes?
French philosopher that believed in dualism, believed mind and brain interact at a single point in space, known as pineal gland.
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What is monism?
(Opposite of dualism) belief in one substance
[Has 4 subcategories: materialism, mentalism, identity position]
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What is materialism?
belief that every thing that exists is material or physical
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What is mentalism?
belief that only the mind exists and the physical world would not exist if the mind did not exist
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What is the identity position?
belief that mental processes and brain processes are the same thing
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What is solipsism?
Philosophical theory that "I alone exist", "I alone am conscious"
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What is reciprocal altruism?
Helping individuals who may later be helpful in return.
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What are the four reasons why animals are studied by scientists?
- 1) Underlying mechanisms of behavior are similar in other species and sometimes easier to study in animal species.
- 2) Interest in animals for their own sake.
- 3) Animal knowledge benefits human evolution.
- 4) Certain experiments cannot use humans because of legal or ethical reasons.
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What is the ethical debate regarding animal research?
animal cruelty vs. the benefit of research and evolution of science
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