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What and why are Beta lactamase inhibitors combined with?
Combined with Penicillinase sensitive PCN (amoxicillin, ampicillin) that couldn't have been given to beta lactamase bacteria like S. aureus
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What bacteria are cephalosporins used to treat?
E. coli (1st), gonorrhoeae (2nd), Streptococci, staphylocci (4th)
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What are s/e of Cephalosporins? 2, (3 with high doses)
- Pruritus (itching), GI distress
- HD: increased bleeding, seizures, neprhotoxicity (kidneys)
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What are drug interactions with cephalasporins and alcohol?
flushing, dizziness, n/v, cramps
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Glycopeptides (vancomycin, Televancin) are to treat serious infections of...
Bone, skin, lower resp. tract
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These two glycopeptides are used to treat VREF and MRSA. Which one is used for which?
1. Quinupristin
2. Telavancin
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What are s/e of vanco (glycopeptide)?
What s/e if given too rapidly?
2
- too rapid: red neck and Severe hypotension
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Steven-Johnson syndrome (similar to second degree burn all over body)
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Vanco (glycopeptide) is to be given over how many hours IV?
1-2 hours
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What will you monitor for when a pt. is on vanco (glycopeptide)? 4-5
- BP
- IV site
- Renal fxn and hearing
- Superinfection
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T or F: Erythromycin (Macrolide) is a broad spectrum
True
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Erythromycin is a:
B.
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Erythromycin: Macrolides are used to treat
- moderate to severe infections
- resp, GI
- skin, soft tissue
- STD
- Legionnaire's
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What are s/e of Erythromycin (macrolide) 4
- Tinnitus
- GI distress
- Superinfection
- Hepatotoxicity (Liver)
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Will Erythromycin (macrolides) increase or decrease levels of warfarin, theophyline, and carbamazepine?
Increase
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Will Fluconazole (diflucan) increase or decrease erythromycin (macrolide)?
Increase
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What are cardiac s/e of Erythromycin (Macrolide)?
Prolong QT interval, risk of sudden cardiac death
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Telithromycin (Ketolides) are used to treat...
- Resp:
- Acute bacterial bronchitis
- acute bacterial sinusitis
- CAP
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What are s/e of Telithromycin (Ketolides)? 3
- visual disturbances
- GI distress (constipation)
- Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis
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Clindamycin (Lincosamide) are used for what?
MRSA
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What are 3 s/e of Clindamycin (Lincosamide)?
- rash
- Colitis
- Anaphylactic shock
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Kaolin and pectin will increase/decrease Clindamycin (Lincosamide)?
decrease
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Tetracyclines are broad/narrow?
Broad
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List s/e of Tetracyclines 6
- Photosensitivity
- discoloration of teeth
- stomatitis (GI distress)
- Blood dyscrasia
- Superinfection
- Hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity
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Which abx invalidates birth control pills?
Tetracycline
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Which abx increases dig?
Tetracycline
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What is the name of the synthetic analogue of tetracycline which is used for complicated skin infections and intraabdominal infections?
Tigecycline (Glycylcycline)
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A patient is taking an aminoglycoside (Amikacin, Gentamacin) for gram -, e.coli, etc. What are the 4 s/e to be aware of?
- Photosensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity (Kidney)
- Ototoxicity
- Superinfection
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PCNs will increase/decrease Aminoglycosides
decrease
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Chloramphenicol is a broad/narrow
Broad
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This abx is not used a lot since it kills off host in addition to bacteria. (hint: broad)
Chloramphenicol
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Chloramphenicol is an abx only used if lesser toxicity drugs won't work. What mitochondrial effects will it have on the body? 3
- Bone marrow suppression
- anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytoenia
- aplastic anemia (can be fatal)
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UTI, CAP, lower resp. tract, skin/joint/bone infections, etc. can be treated using...
- Fluoroquinolones
- - cipro
- - norfloxacin
- - levofloxacin
- - moxifloxacin
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Flourinolones, used to treat UTI and other skin/bone/resp infections, ends with the suffix...
-floxacin
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Metronidazole (Glagyll) is technically an antifungal. What GI dz is it used to treat?
c.diff, gardnerella, peptococcus
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Lipopeptides disrupts cell membranes. What will this cause to the patient's body?
Muscle injury, increased CPK and K+ leaking from cells
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