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Funds from Resource Development
- Canadian government partially dependent on resource development revenue
- royalties from minerals
- stumpage fees from forestry
- Fish and Game licences
- taxes
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Canadian State Rules for Resource Planning
- plan and subsidize regional development
- subsidize projects in specific sectors
- creates business incentives
- promotes/negotiations international trade
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Revenue Generation Era
- 1800-80
- most provincial revenue from resource royalties pre-Confederation
- after confederation federal government sought power over provincial resources
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Conservation Era
- 1880-1950
- lots of deforesting for revenue
- moderating harvesting resources for long-term
- establishment of regulatory agencies
- National Parks and forest reserves were created
- fragmented and marginal environmental protection from administration
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Management Era
- 1950s onwards
- resource development as a economic growth plan
- federal money used to steer provincial resource planning
- provincial zoning of forest and mineral reserves
- wilderness and species protection
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Emergence of State Regulations
- the management era
- aka senior scales
- increasing regulation with complex admin structures
- state-regulation replaces industry-regulation with punitive sanctions
- pollution control research and legislation
- provincial boards and environmental licensing established, which pushed feds to match
- environmental impact assessment
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Environment Canada
- consolidated existing protective agencies
- pollution control
- air, water, and soil quality
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British North America Act (BNA Act)
- provinces own and control both private and public land and resources
- federal government: ocean species (cross borders), interprovincial matters like transportation and pipelines), land/resources for the territories, uranium and nuclear industry, offshore regions
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Fisheries Jurisdiction
- ocean fisheries are federal
- aquaculture is provincial
- recreational fisheries are jointly managed
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Where Constitutional Structures Meet
- provincial limited by federal scale/trade power/taxation
- international trade is only set by feds
- provincial right of ownership vs fed right to regulate
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Provincial Constitutional Structures Post-1982
- royalties only for extraction
- resource processing can generate revenue for senior scales
- allowed to legislate and tax non-renewable resources
- some control with inter-province resource and energy exports
- more power in interprovincial regulation and taxation
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