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How do you biopsy bone-associated neoplasia?
Jahmshidi or trephine in the center of the lesion
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How do you biopsy soft-tissue associated neoplasia?
Trucut, Wedge incision, Baker punch in the periphery of the lesion (the center will probably just come back necrosis)
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What are radiographic signs of bony neoplasia? (4)
- osteolysis
- new bone production
- periosteal new bone
- variable zone of transition
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What are bone tumors? (5)
- osteosarcoma
- chondrosarcoma
- hemangiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma
- multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO)
- metastasis
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What are joint tumors? (4)
- histiocytic sarcoma
- synovial cell sarcoma
- synovial myxoma
- myxosarcoma
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What are muscle tumors? (4)
- intramuscular hemangiosarcoma
- rhabdomyosarcoma
- infiltrative lipoma
- intermuscular lipoma
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What are digit-associated tumors? (6)
- SCC
- malignant melanoma
- soft tissue sarcoma
- osteosarcoma
- synovial cell sarcoma
- mast cell tumor
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What is an important technique when performing a digit amputation?
esmarch tourniquet placement--> bloodless surgery
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What is the most common primary bone tumor of dogs? What is the typical presentation/ signalment?
- Osteosarcoma
- Middle-aged to older (either very young or very old)
- Large and giant breeds
- 75% of them are appendicular, but they can be anywhere there is a bone
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What are the most common locations for osteosarcoma?
away from the elbow, towards the knee in the metaphysis of appendicular long bones
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What are prognostics of osteosarcoma?
- very locally aggressive, pathologic fractures
- hematogenous metastasis, almost 100% of the time by the time they are Dx, even though you can't see them yet--> lung mets!
- surgery and chemo--> 10-12 month survival
- surgery alone--> 4-5 month survival
- conservative--> 1-2 month survival
- [no difference in survival between surgical techniques!]
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What are clinical signs associated with osteosarcoma?
- lameness/ swelling at primary site
- mild trauma leading to severe lameness or fracture--> red flag! (pathologic fracture)
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What are treatment options for osteosarcoma?
- conservative management (for pain)
- amputation/ local wide resection +/- chemotherapy
- limb sparing + chemotherapy
- radiation therapy + chemotherapy
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Describe the behavior of osteosarcoma in a cat.
- Rare
- Less metastatic
- Amputation is potentially curative
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What is the second most common primary tumor of bone? What is its behavior?
- Chondrosarcoma
- slow to metastasize
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What are treatment options for chondrosarcoma and what are outcomes?
- aggressive surgical resection is potentially curative and at least provides long term tumor control
- no reliable chemotherapy
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What tumors are most common to met TO BONE?
- [carcinomas]
- anal sac adenocarcinoma
- mammary gland carcinoma
- thyroid gland carcinoma
- prostatic carcinoma
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Joint tumors are usually _________ and _________.
primary; malignant
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What are treatment options for joint tumors?
- amputation is recommended
- conservative excision has a high recurrence rate
- chemo for histiocytic sarcoma
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What is the prognosis for joint tumors?
- synovial cellsarcoma--> 7-32 month survival, depending on histologic grade and presence of mets
- histiocytic sarcoma--> 5-12 month survival
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What is the most common primary muscle tumor in dogs? What is its behavior? Recommended treatment?
- intramuscular hemangiosarcoma
- high metastatic potential
- local recurrence high
- surgery and chemo
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Describe the behavior of intermuscular lipoma and infiltrative lipoma.
- Intermuscular: excellent outcomes with excision
- Infiltrative: benign but locally aggressive
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What is the behavior of digit SCC?
low metastatic rate, median survival time is >26 months
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What is the behavior of digit melanoma?
- benign- cured with surgical excision
- malignant- high metastasis rate
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