-
Stages in binary fission
- Cellular elongation
- DNA Replication
- Cell Division
-
Proteins of the divisosome
- FtsZ
- ZipA
- FtsA
- FtsI
- Min Proteins
-
Min Proteins
- Min C - Prevent FtsZ
- Min D - Prevent FtsZ
- Min E - Removes Min C and D
-
MreB
- Helical bands around the cell giving it shape
- Peptidoglycan synthesis elongates the cell
-
Key macromolecules in cell wall synthesis
- Bactoprenol - Transports peptidoglycan across the membrane
- Transglycolases - Insert cell wall precursors into the membrane
- FtsI - Transpeptidation
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Direct methods of cell counting
- Microscopy
- Filtration
- Coulter counter
- Flow cytometry
-
Indirect cell counting
- Viable plate count
- MPN
- Membrane filtration - Like plate counts
- Microbial dry weight
- Turbidity
-
Liebig's law
Total biomass of an organism is determined by nutrient availability
-
Responses to starvation
- Reduced cell size
- Change in morphology
- Metabolic shutdown
-
Cardinal temperatures
Min, Optimum and Max temps
-
Adaptations to cold
- More alpha helices
- Cryoprotectants
- More hydrophillic residues
-
Adaptions in thermophiles
- More salt bridges
- Dense, hydrophobicity
- Di-inositol phosphate, diglycerol phosphate
-
A thermophile
- Pyrolobus fumerii (Hyperthermophile)
- Thermus aquaticus
-
-
Plasmolysis
Bursting due to dehydration
-
Types of organism (with regard to oxygen)
- Aerobic
- Microaerophillic
- Anaerobic
-
Sterillizaiton
Elimination of viable cells
-
Decontaminaiton
Treatment to make it safe to handle
-
Disinfection
Removal of harm-causing microbial agents
-
Sanitation
Reduces total microbial levels (not just pathogens)
-
Death point
Amount of something required to kill an organism in a given amount of time
-
A sterility indicator
Geobacillus stearothermophillus
-
-
Physical methods of controlling growth
- Heat (Autoclave, canning, pasteurization, regrigeration)
- Radiation (Microwave, UV, X-ray)
- Filtration - Laminar flow hood
- Dessication
-
Sterillant
- Destroys all life (including spores)
- Bleach
-
Disinfectant
- Kill or inhibit microbial growth
- Ethanol
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