Chem 4, College of the Desert, Chapter 17.txt

A virus that contains RNA as it's genetic material and synthesizes a complimentary DNA strand inside a cell.

Ribonuclaic Acid, a type of nucleic acid that is a single strand of nucleotides containing Adenuic, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil.

Ribosomal RNA: the most prevalent type of RNA; A major component of the ribosome.

A mutation that replaces one base in a DNA with a different Base.

The transfer of genetic information from DNA by the formation of mRNA.

The interpritation of the codons im mRNA as amino acids in a peptide.

Transfer RNA: a RNA that replaces a specific amino acid into a peptide chain at the ribosome. There is one or more tRNA for each of the 20 different amino acids.

Small particles containing DNA or RNA in a protein coat that require a host cell for replication.

The triplet of bases in the center loop of tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA

A sequence of three bases in mRNA that specifies a certain amino acid to be placed in a protein. A few codons signal the start or stop of transcription.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid: the genetic material of all cells containing nucleotides with deoxyribos sugar, phosphate, and the four bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

The phosphate link that joins the 3 hydroxyl group in one nucliotide to the phosphate group on the 5-carbon atom in the next nucleotide.

The helical shape of the double chain of DNA that is like a spiral staircase with a sugar - phosphate backbone on the outside and base pairs like stair steps on the inside.

Mutation: a mutation that inserts or deletes a base in a DNA sequence.

The information in DNA that is transfered to mRNA is a sequence of codons for the sythesis of protien.

Building blocks of a nucleic acid, consisting of a base, a pentos sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

The combination of a pentose sugar and a base.

Messenger RNA: product in the nucleus base DNA to carry the genetic information to the ribosome for the construction of a protein.

A physical malformation or metabolic dysfunction caused by a mutation in the base sequence of DNA.