-
CHO
- OH--------------H
- OH--------------H
- H--------------OH
- CH2OH
-
CH2OH
- /|•----O \
- |•/. \•|
- \ /OH
- \|•------•|/
- Also. D - Dugar
- (Alpha Aldopentose)
-
Sucrose
A disacharide composed of glucose and fructose; a non-reducing sugar, commonly called table sugar.
-
L - Ribose
- CHO
- OH------------H
- OH------------H
- OH------------H
- CH2OH
- Also L - Sugar
- A - Aldopentos
-
Aldose
- (ALDO-se)
- A monosacharide that contains an aldehyde group
- O
- ||
- C-H , CHO
- Triose - 3C
- Tetros. -4C
- Pentose -5C
- Hexos. -6C
- ie:
- CHO
- ---
- ---
- ---
- ---
- ---
- CH2OH
- (AldaHexos)
-
Amylopectin
- A branch - chain polymer of starch composed of glucose units joined by alpha-1,4 and 1,6 glucosidic bonds.
- Every 25 glucose units; 80% starch.
-
Amylose
- An unbranched polymer of Starch, composed of glucose units joined by alpha -1,4 glycosidic bonds.
- 20% Starch : 250-4000
- alpha -D glucose molecules.
-
Carbohydrate
A simple or complex sugar composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
-
Cellulose
- An unbranched polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked by B-1,4 glycosidic bonds that can not be hydrolysized by the human digestive system.
- ie: wood, plant, mot digestable
- -1,4 glycosidic bonds
-
Compatibility of blood groups
- Group. Can recieve. Can't
- A. A,O. B,AB
- B. B,O. A,AB
- AB. A,B,AB,O.
- O. O. A,B,AB
- AB is Universal Recipient
- O Universal Donor
-
Dissaccharides
Carbohydrates composed of two monosacharides joined by a glycosidic bond.
-
Fructose
A monosaccharide that is also called levulose and fruit sugar and is found in honey and fruit juices; it is combined with glucose in sucrose.
Ketohexose
-
Galactose
A monosaccharide that occures combined with glucose in lactose.
An Aldohexos
-
Glucose
The most prevelent monosaccharide in the diet. An Aldohexose found in fruits, vegetables, corn syrup, and honey that is also known are blood sugar and dextrose. Most polysaccharides are polymers of glucose.
An Aldohexose
-
Glycogen
- A polysaccarid formed in the liver and muscles for the storage of glucose as an energy reserve. It is composed of glucose in a lightly branched polymer joined by alpha -1,4 and -1,6 glycosidic bonds.
- Every 10-15 glucose units.
-
Glycosidic bond
The bond that forms when the hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group pf another monosaccharide. It is the type of bond that links monosaccharide units in di- or polysaccharids.
-
Haworth Structure
The ring structure of a monosaccharide.
-
Ketose
- A monosaccharide that contains a ketone group.
- Note: and a ketone is on 2nd "C".
- Triose-3C. Ketotrios
- Tetros-4Cv. Ketotetros
- Pentose-5C. Ketopentos
- Hexose-6C. Ketohexos
-
Lactose
- A disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose found in Milk and milk products.
- B-1,4
-
Maltose
- A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units; it is obtained from the hydrolysis of starch and in germinating grains.
- Alpha -1,4
-
Monosaccharides
A polyhydroxy compound that contains an aldehyde or ketone group.
-
Polysaccharides
Polymers of many monosaccharides units, usually glucose. Polysaccharides differ in the types of glycosidic bonds and the amount of branching in the polymer.
-
Reducing Sugar
- A carbohydrate with an Aldehyde group capable of reducing the Cu2+ in Benedicts reagent.
- O
- ||
- It has an aldehyde C-H
-
L - Glucose
- CHO
- HO-----H
- H-----OH
- HO-----H
- HO-----H
- CH2OH
A Aldohexos
-
D - Glucose
- CHO
- H----------OH
- HO----------H
- H----------OH
- H----------OH
- CH2OH
A Aldohexos
-
L - Galactose
- CHO
- OH----------H
- H----------OH
- H----------OH
- OH----------H
- CH2OH
A Aldohexos
-
D - Galactose
- CHO
- HO----------H
- H----------OH
- H----------OH
- H----------OH
- CH2OH
A Aldohexose
-
D - Fructos
- CH2OH
- C=O
- HO----------H
- H----------OH
- H----------OH
- CH2OH
Ketohexos
-
L - Fructose
- CH2OH
- C=O
- HO----------H
- H----------OH
- HO----------H
- CH2OH
-
Hypo
70 - 90 mg/ dl
(below)
-
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