Chem 4, College of the Desert, Chapter 10.txt

Alcohol with Heat (H) causes an Alkene + H₂0

• H. H
• H----C------C---H
• H. H

A pocket in a part of the tertiary enzyme structure that binds substrait and catalyzes a reaction.

• H. H. H
• H---C---C---C---H
• H. H. H

Substituent; Ethyl (yl is the focus at the end of the name).

Substituant: Mythyl

Substituent: Propyl

Substituent: IsoPropyl

Distillation Temp (dagree) C: below 30*C=1-4 Carbon Atoms & natural gas: 30-200*C=5-12 Carbon=gasoline ;200-250*C=12-16 Carbon= kerosine,jet fuel; 250-350*C=15-18 Carbon= diesel fuel, heating oil; 350-450*C=18-25 Carbon= lubricating oil; Nonvolatile residue= >25 Carbon=asphalt, Tar

• Methane;
• CH₄

Ethane; C₂H₆

CH₃---CH₃

Propane; C₃H₈

CH₃---CH₂---CH₃

Butane: C₄H₁₀

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

• Pentane: C₅H₁₂
• CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Hexane: C₆H₁₄

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Heptane: C₇H₁₆

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Octane: C₈H₁₈

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Nonane: C₉H₂₀

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Decane: C₁₀H₂₂

CH₃--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₂--CH₃

Fluoro

Chloro

Bromo

Iodo

• Elements: C, H, sometimes O, S, N, or Cl
• Particles: Molecules
• Polarity of bonds: nonpolar, unless more electronegitivity atom is present.
• Melting point: unusually low
• Boiling point: unusually low
• Flammability: High
• Soluable in H₂O:Not soluable unless a polar group is present

• Moleculare formula: CH₄
• H
• |
• H--C--H
• |
• H

An amino acid that has a carboxylic acid side chain. (-COOH), which ionizes as a week acid.

• An Alkane undergoes combustion when it completly reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
• ie: Alkane +O₂ = CO₂ + H₂O
• Note: odd # of C's Alkane = okay
• Note: Even # of C's Alkane = you must multiply whole formula by 2

• The formation of an Ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with the elimination of a molecule of water in the presence of an acid catalyst.
• ie: carb acid+alcohol-> Ester + H₂O
• ie: 2 reactants -> 2 products

• O
• ||
• C

-O-H

• O
• ||
• C-O-H

Contain C,H and a double bond to O;

• Aldehydes: C bonds to at least 1 H; O
• ||
• ie: H-C-H

• Ketone: C bonds to 2 C atoms; O
• ||
• H₃C-C-CH₃

Contain C, H and N

Amines: 1 or more C groups, replace H in ammonia (amines can be primary, secoundary, and tritiary.)

Amides: hydroxyl is replaced by Nitrogen

• H = 1A = 1 covalent bond
• C = 4A = 4 covalent bonds
• N = 5A = 3 covalent bonds
• O, S = 6A = 2covalent bonds
• F,Cl,Br,I =7A=1covalent bond

Contain C,H, carboxyl & carboxyl + hydroxyl

• Carbonic Acid:O bonded to H
• Ester: O bonded to C not H
• ie; O
• ||
• CH₃-C-O-CH₃