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Deydration
Alcohol with Heat (H) causes an Alkene + H20
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C2 H6; Ethane
- H. H
- H----C------C---H
- H. H
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Active Site
A pocket in a part of the tertiary enzyme structure that binds substrait and catalyzes a reaction.
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C3 H8: Propane
- H. H. H
- H---C---C---C---H
- H. H. H
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CH3--CH2--
Substituent; Ethyl (yl is the focus at the end of the name).
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CH3----CH2---CH2---R
Substituent: Propyl
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CH3---CH---CH3
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Substituent: IsoPropyl
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Alkane Mixtures of Crude Oil
Distillation Temp (dagree) C: below 30*C=1-4 Carbon Atoms & natural gas: 30-200*C=5-12 Carbon=gasoline ;200-250*C=12-16 Carbon= kerosine,jet fuel; 250-350*C=15-18 Carbon= diesel fuel, heating oil; 350-450*C=18-25 Carbon= lubricating oil; Nonvolatile residue= >25 Carbon=asphalt, Tar
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IUPAC name for 1st Alkane
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IUPAC name for 2nd Alkane
Ethane; C2H6
CH3---CH3
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IUPAC name for 3rd Alkane
Propane; C3H8
CH3---CH2---CH3
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IUPAC name for 4th Alkane
Butane: C4H10
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 5th Alkane
- Pentane: C5H12
- CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 6th Alkane
Hexane: C6H14
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 7th Alkane
Heptane: C7H16
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 8th Alkane
Octane: C8H18
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 9th Alkane
Nonane: C9H20
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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IUPAC name for 10th Alkane
Decane: C10H22
CH3--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH2--CH3
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F (as a substituent)
Fluoro
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CL (as a substituent)
Chloro
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Br (as a substituent)
Bromo
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I (as a substituent)
Iodo
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Organic
- Elements: C, H, sometimes O, S, N, or Cl
- Particles: Molecules
- Polarity of bonds: nonpolar, unless more electronegitivity atom is present.
- Melting point: unusually low
- Boiling point: unusually low
- Flammability: High
- Soluable in H2O:Not soluable unless a polar group is present
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Methane
- Moleculare formula: CH4H
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- H--C--H
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- H
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Acidic amino acid
An amino acid that has a carboxylic acid side chain. (-COOH), which ionizes as a week acid.
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Combustion
- An Alkane undergoes combustion when it completly reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
- ie: Alkane +O2 = CO2 + H2O
- Note: odd # of C's Alkane = okay
- Note: Even # of C's Alkane = you must multiply whole formula by 2
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Esterification
Chapter 13
- The formation of an Ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with the elimination of a molecule of water in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- ie: carb acid+alcohol-> Ester + H2O
- ie: 2 reactants -> 2 products
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Classification of Organic compounds (part 3)
Contain C,H and a double bond to O;
- Aldehydes: C bonds to at least 1 H; O
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- ie: H-C-H
- Ketone: C bonds to 2 C atoms; O
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- H3C-C-CH3
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Classifications of organic Compounds (part 5)
Contain C, H and N
Amines: 1 or more C groups, replace H in ammonia (amines can be primary, secoundary, and tritiary.)
Amides: hydroxyl is replaced by Nitrogen
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Covalent Bonds for Elements in Organic compounds
- H = 1A = 1 covalent bond
- C = 4A = 4 covalent bonds
- N = 5A = 3 covalent bonds
- O, S = 6A = 2covalent bonds
- F,Cl,Br,I =7A=1covalent bond
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Classification of Organic Compounds (part 4)
Contain C,H, carboxyl & carboxyl + hydroxyl
- Carbonic Acid:O bonded to H
- Ester: O bonded to C not H
- ie; O
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- CH3-C-O-CH3
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