A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to an -OH group, RCOOH.
Ester
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to an -OR group, RCOOR'.
Amide
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom group, RCONR'2, where the R' groups may be alkyl groups or hydrogen atoms.
Carbonyl-group substitution reaction
A reaction in which a new group replaces (substitutes for) a group attached to a carbonyl-group carbon.
Acyl group
An RC=O group.
Carboxyl group
The -COOH functional group.
HCOOH
Common name= Formic
MP.(C) = 8
BP.(C) = 101
CH3COOH
Common name= Acetic
MP.(C) = 17
BP.(C) = 118
CH3CH2COOH
Common name= Propionic
MP.(C) = -22
BP.(C) = 141
CH3CH2CH2COOH
Common name= Butyric
MP.(C) = -4
BP.(C) = 163
CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
Common name = Valeric
MP.(C) = -34
BP.(C) = 185
CH3(CH2)16COOH
Common name = Stearic
MP.(C) = 70
BP.(C) = 383
HOOCCOOH
Common name = Oxalic
MP.(C) = 190
BP. Decomposes
HOOCCH2COOH
Common name = Malonic
MP.(C) = 135
BP. = Decomposes
HOOCCH2CH2COOH
Common name = Succinic
MP.(C) = 188
BP. = Decomposition
HOOCCH2CH2CH2COOH
Common name = Glutaric
MP.(C) = 98
BP. = Decomposition
H2C=CHCOOH
Common name = Acrylic
MP.(C) = 13
BP.(C) = 141
CH3CH=CHCOOH
Common name = Crotonic
MP.(C) = 72
BP.(C) = 185
Benzene ring -COOH
Common name = Benzoic
MP.(C) = 122
BP.(C) = 249
OH-Benzene ring-COOH
Common name = Salicylic
MP.(C) = 159
BP.(C) = Decomposition
Carboxylic anion
The anion that results from ionization of a carboxylic acid, RCOO^-.
Carboxylic acid salt
An ionic compound containing a cation and a carboxylic acid anion.
Esterification
The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to yield an ester plus water.
Phosphate ester
A compound formed by reaction of an alcohol with phosphoric acid, may be a monoester, ROPO3H2; a diester, (RO)2PO3H; or a triester, (RO)3PO; also my be a di- or triphosphate.