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Carbonyl compound
Any compound that contains a carbonyl group C=O.
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Carbonyl group
A functional group that has a Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.
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Aldehyde
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, RCHO.
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Ketone
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic groups that can be the same or different, R2C=O, RCOR'.
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Formaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H-C-H
- Structure: HCHO
- B.P. -21 C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 55
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Acetaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H3C-C-H
- B.P.= 21. C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O)
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Benzaldehyde
A benzene ring with an aldehyde attached;
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3-Methylbutanal (expanded formula)
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Acetone (expanded formula)
- O
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- H3C-C-CH3
- (2-Propanone)
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Methyl ethyl ketone
- O
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- H3C-C-CH2-CH3
- (2-Butanone)
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Cyclohexanone
A cyclohexane with attached double bond Oxygen.
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Propanol
- CH3CH2CHO
- BP. 49 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 16
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Butanal
- CH3CH2CH2CHO
- BP. 76 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 7
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Pentanal
- CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
- BP. 103 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 1
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Carbonyl compound
Any compound that contains a carbonyl group C=O.
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Carbonyl group
A functional group that has a Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.
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Aldehyde
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, RCHO.
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Ketone
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic groups that can be the same or different, R2C=O, RCOR'.
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Formaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H-C-H
- Structure: HCHO
- B.P. -21 C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 55
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Acetaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H3C-C-H
- B.P.= 21. C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O)
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Benzaldehyde
A benzene ring with an aldehyde attached;
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3-Methylbutanal (expanded formula)
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Acetone (expanded formula)
- O
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- H3C-C-CH3
- (2-Propanone)
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Methyl ethyl ketone
- O
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- H3C-C-CH2-CH3
- (2-Butanone)
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Cyclohexanone
A cyclohexane with attached double bond Oxygen.
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Propanol
- CH3CH2CHO
- BP. 49 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 16
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Butanal
- CH3CH2CH2CHO
- BP. 76 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 7
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Pentanal
- CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
- BP. 103 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 1
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Carbonyl compound
Any compound that contains a carbonyl group C=O.
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Carbonyl group
A functional group that has a Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.
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Aldehyde
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, RCHO.
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Ketone
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic groups that can be the same or different, R2C=O, RCOR'.
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Formaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H-C-H
- Structure: HCHO
- B.P. -21 C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 55
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Acetaldehyde (expanded structure)
- O
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- H3C-C-H
- B.P.= 21. C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = SOLUBLE
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Benzaldehyde
A benzene ring with an aldehyde attached;
- BP. 178 dagree C
- Water Solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 0.3
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3-Methylbutanal (expanded formula)
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Acetone (expanded formula)
- O
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- H3C-C-CH3
- (2-Propanone)
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Methyl ethyl ketone
- O
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- H3C-C-CH2-CH3
- (2-Butanone)
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2-Pentanone
- O
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- H3C-C-CH2-CH2-CH3
- BP. 102 dagee C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 6
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Cyclohexanone
- A cyclohexane with attached double bond Oxygen.
- BP. 156 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 2
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2-Butanone
- CH3CH2COCH3
- BP. 80 dagree C
- Water solubility (g/100 ml H2O) = 26
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Addition reaction, aldehydes and ketones
Addition of an alcohol or other compound to the carbon double bond to give a carbon-oxygen single bond.
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Hemiacetal
A compound with both an alcohol-like -OH group and an ether-like -OR group bonded to the same carbon atom.
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Acetal
A compound that has two ether-like -OR groups bonded to the same carbon atom.
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Hydrolysis
A reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H- and -OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bond or bonds.
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