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why do we need to sleep?
- 1. sleep during night protects you
- 2. sleep restores brain tissue
- 3. sleep restores fading memories
- 4. pituitary gland releases growth hormone
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sleep vs study performance
- lower threshold SOA = better performance
- learning new task prevented when REM disrupted
- performing previously learned task had same SOA
- new learning affected by REM, not SW
- previously learned tasks unaffected by REM or SW
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stage -1
- alert wakefullness
- beta waves (same as REM)
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stage 0
- just before sleep
- alpha waves
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stage 1 of sleeping
theta waves- short irregular waves
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stage 2 of sleeping
K complex- shuts out external stimuli
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stage 3/4 of sleeping
- delta waves- large amplitude, slow, regular waves
- SW- slow wave
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stage 5
- beta waves- low amplitude, fast
- REM
- vivid dreams
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REM
- REM more frequent later
- shorter cycles later
- most likely to report dreams if woken during REM
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brain during dreaming
- increase of blood flow: visual, occipital, amygdala
- decrease of blood flow: posterior
- no motor activation
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Freudian dreaming
- dreams release unconscious
- dreamwork disguises latent to manifest
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manifest content
- candy coating
- literal meaning
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latent content
symbolic meaning
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activation-synthesis hypothesis
- dreams process info into memory
- random neural activity
- activation- activated state of brain during REM
- synthesis- dreams synthesized from recent experiences
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evidence for activation-synthesis
visual cortex damage--> lose visual aspect of dreams
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evidence against activation-synthesis
dreams not as chaotic
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Antii Revonsuo theory
- dreams stimulate threatening events to allow people to practice problem solving
- dreams are result of evolution
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