organisms capable of manufacturing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials
*produces its own food
algae, bacteria, some plants
what is a heterotroph. give example
consumer of autotroph
cow eats grass for energy
what are the parts of ATP molecule
adenine
ribose (sugar)
phosphate groups
write equation that shows ADP is changed into ATP
ADP=
write equation that shows how ATP is changed into ADP
ATP= ADP + P(energy releases for cell use) + ENERGY
Which molecule stores more than 90 times the energy in ATP? how are these used by cells
How do animal cells store glucose for later?
glycogen
How do plants store glucose for later?
as starch
What did Melvin Calvin contribute to photosynthesis
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
What a a pigment? What is the main pigment used by green plants to absorb energy.
colored substance
plant - chlorophyll
two types of chlorophyll?
A and B
which wavelengths of light are best absorbed by chlorophyll a and b? which are reflected?
absorbed: red and blue
reflected: green and yellow
How are carotenoid pigments different from chlorophyll?
do not make the plant green. They give flowers their colors
Why do plants have these other pigments besides chlorophyll?
Plants have other pigments besides chlorphyll because chlorphyll doesn't give flowers their color.
Why do plants looks green?
The chloroplyll absorbs a lot of red and blue light. It does not absorb much green, so it reflects it away. You see the reflected green light as the green color of many plants.
What is NADP?
What does it do?
How is it changed into NADPH?
Where does the H that ends up in NADPH ultimately come from?
water h2O
Be able to describe the two sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis
(light-dependent and Calvin cycle)
light dependent - takes light energy and makes a energy storage compound ATP from ADP
Calvin cycle - CO2 from atmosphere diffuses into the storm and enters a series of reactions which eventually form glucose
Where are they located and what happens in each?
What is another name of the Calvin Cycle?
light independent reaction
Which reactions in photosynthesis require light? Which do not?
the production of NADP+ and ATP require light. The calvin cycle (the reactions which actually result in the formation of sugar) require NADP+ and ATP, but do not actually require light.
How and where are ATP and NADPH made?
1. light absorption
2. splitting of water
3. formation of ATP and NADPH
Made during cellular respiration
what happens to water during the light-reaction?
the oxygen goes out as waste from the reaction, and the hydrogen goes across the membrane and cause chemiosmosis,
which molecule is given off as a waste gas?
oxygen
which molecules produced by the light-dependent reaction are used during the Calvin cycle?
O2
ATP
NADPH
what happens during the Calvin Cycle?
the Calvin cycle is a series of reactions in photosynthetic plants and bacteria that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbohydrate.
Be able to give reactants and products for each of the reactions
ATP is energy source
NADPH is the reducing agent
=simple sugars C6H12O6
Where does the carbon and oxygen in glucose ultimately come from?
where does the hydrogen in glucose ultimately come from?
Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis and how?
temperature
water
carbon dioxide
light
main reactants that enter into the light dependent reactions:
from outside the cell ____ and ____
from within the cell _____ and ____
outside: light and water
inside: NADP and ADP+P
Identify the main products of the light dependent reactions and what happens to them:
ATP
NADPH
O2 - released into the atmosphere
identify reactants of the light dependent reactions:
CO2
NADPH
ATP
identify the main products of light independent reactions and briefly describe what happens to them.
ADP
NADP
glucose
Where do the light dependent reactions take place
thylakoids
where do the light independent reactions take place?