-
Absorption
process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
-
Adverse drug effect
Undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect are known as
-
Allergic Effect
an immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the drug administered as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug.
-
Ampule
glass flask containing a single dose of medication for parenteral administration
-
Anaphylactic reaction
severe reaction occurring immediately after exposure to a drug; characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse
-
Anaphylaxis
life threatening and results in respiratory distress, sudden severe bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse.
-
Antagonistic effect
combined effect of two or more drugs that produces less than the effect of each drug alone
-
Cumulative effect
condition that occurs when the body cannot metabolize a drug before additional doses are administered
-
Distribution
movement of drugs by the circulatory system to the site of action
-
Drug tolerance
tendency of the body to become accustomed to a drug over time; larger doses are required to produce the desired effects
-
Excretion
removal of a drug from the body
-
Generic name
name assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it is often derived from the chemical name
-
Half-life
the amount of time it takes for half a dose of a drug to be eliminated from the body
-
Idiosyncratic effect
unusual, unexpected response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or response different from the expected outcome
-
Inhalation
(1) act of breathing in; synonym for inspiration; (2) administration of a drug in solution via the respiratory tract
-
Intradermal injection
injection placed just below the epidermis
-
Intramuscular (IM) injection
an injection into deep muscle tissue, usually of the buttock, thigh, or upper arm
-
Intravenous (IV) route
injection of a solution into the vein
-
Metabolism
(1) chemical changes in the body by which energy is provided; (2) breakdown of a drug to an inactive form; also referred to as biotransformation
-
Mini-infusion pump
(syringe pump) for intermittent infusion is battery operated and allows medication mixed in a syringe to be connected to the primary line and delivered by mechanical pressure applied to the syringe plunger
-
Official name
name by which a drug is identified in official publications
-
Parenteral
outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection routes
-
Peak level
highest plasma concentration of a drug
-
Pharmacology
study of actions of chemicals on living organisms
-
Piggyback delivery system
requires the intermittent or additive solution to be placed higher than the primary solution container
-
Placebo
an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it
-
-
Stat order
is a single order, but it is carried out immediately.
-
Subcutaneous injection
injection into the subcutaneous tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle
-
Synergistic effect
combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each drug alone
-
Teratogenic
known to have potential to cause developmental defects in the embryo or fetus
-
Therapeutic range
that concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
-
Topical application
application of a substance directly to a body surface
-
Trade name
drug name selected and trademarked by the company marketing the drug; also called brand name or proprietary name
-
Trough level
the point when a drug is at its lowest concentration
-
Vial
glass bottle with self-sealing stopper through which medication is removed; may be single or multiple dose
-
Volume-control Administration Set
for intermittent intravenous infusion. The medication is diluted with a small amount of solution and administered through the patient's intravenous line
-
Z-track technique
zigzag technique used to administer medications intramuscularly
-
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906, designated the US Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary as offocial standards of drugs and empowered the federal government to enforce these standards
-
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
Pure Food and Drug Act updated 1938, prohibiting adulterated or mislabeled drugs from being made available
-
FDA- Food and Drug Administration
- enforces the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
- extensive testing of new drugs required before placed in the market
-
Amendment to Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
distinguishes prescription drugs to non prescription drugs OTC and provided instructions on how to dispense prescription drugs.
-
Kefauver-Harris Act Amendment
1962, adverse reactions and contradictions to be included in drug literature
-
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
- 1970, regulates distribution of narcotics and other drugs of abuse.
- such drugs catergorized by therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse
|
|