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Emergence of most emerging infectious diseases usually results from...
a change in ecology of host, pathogen, or both
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What is bushmeat?
meat of wild animals used to meet nutritional requirements for protein and as a supplement to income in subsistence communities
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What are diseases implicated in the bushmeat industry in Africa and Asia?
- HIV
- Ebola (in the last 10 years, ebola is the single largest killer of apes)
- yellow fever
- monkey pox
- SARS
- avian flu
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Describe effects of deforestation on bushmeat industry?
- greater contact with wildlife
- habitat alteration favors certain vectors/ reservoirs (ex. malaria)
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What country is the largest importer of wildlife importation, thus driving the illegal wildlife for pet trade?
United States
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What species is quarantine required for upon entrance to the US?
- wild bird, primates, and some ruminants
- quarantined animals not always screened for zoonotic diseases
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Why is the illegal wildlife pet trade such a mixing pot for zoonotic and other emerging diseases?
- housing of multiple species together, exposing species that would not normally come in contact
- stressful conditions, compromise immunity
- wild animals go from the bush to a persons bedroom in under a week
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Who is in charge of regulating importation of animals with zoonotic and animal disease risk potential?
- no single entity- more reactive than proactive
- CDC (Dept of Health and Human Services), US customs and border protection, US fish and wildlife service, USDA
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How has urbanization affected wildlife? (4)
- fragmentation of habitat
- predominance of generalists, loss of biodiversity
- loss of large predators
- overpopulation of large herbivores
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How has urbanization and loss of biodiversity increased risk for transmission of zoonotic diseases?
increased risk of vector-borne disease with loss of dilution effect (lyme dz, schistosomiasis)
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