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Molecules that appear in elementary reactions but not in the overall reaction are called ________. The slowest step in any proposed mechanism is called the _____-________ step
- intermediate
- rate-determining step
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A specific nucleus with a given atomic number and mass number is called a ______. The ______ ______ is the difference between the mass of an isotope and its mass number.
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The ______ _____ is the energy that holds a nucleus together, equal to the mass defect of the nucleus
binding energy
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Nuclear radiation is sometimes called ______ _______, because it is energetic enough to eject electrons from atoms
ionizing radiation
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_________ is the most commonly use medical radionuclide Emits detectable gamma rays. ________ is used for the gamma knife. PET (_____ _____ _____) uses ____, much more detailed than x-rays and extensively used to measure ______ ______
- Technetium 99m
- Cobalt-60
- positron emmision tomography
- 18F
- brain activity
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______ ______ energy, Ebind, is the energy released when protons and neutrons come together to form a nucleus
Nuclear binding energy
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Nuclear fission
bombarding heavy atoms with neutrons can split atoms into fragments, releasing huge amounts of energy
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______ ______ is the minimum mass of fissionable material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction
critical mass
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_______ _____ is an amount of fissionable material that is not enough to sustain a nuclear chain reaction
subcritical mass
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Name that nuke:
Little boy
Fat man
Tsar bomba
- Little boy: gun-type
- Fat man: implosion-type
- Tsar bomba: hydrogen bomb **most powerful
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Exposive fission reactions ______ occur in a nuclear reactor. Why?
- cannot
- fuel is not dense enough
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Fuel of explosive fission reactions is shaped into ______ and inserted into a ______, a material that slows down the neutrons as they pass between the fuel ____.
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Example of nuclear reactor
sun
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