Tissues, Skin, Cells

Connective tissue proper: loose, Adipose

• Function: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs.
• Location: Under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts.

Connective tissue proper: Loose, Areolar

• Function: Wraps and cushions organs, its macrophages phagocutize bacteria
• Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body; forms lamina propria of mucous membranes, packages organs; surrounds capillaries.

Connective Tissue Proper, loose Reticular

• Structure: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.
• Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including WBC's, mast cells and macrophages.
• Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen).

Skeletal muscle

• Function: Voluntary movement, locomotion
• Location: In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin.

Smooth Muscle

• Function: Propels substances (food, urine, even a baby) along internal passageways, involuntary control, Erector pili in hair shaft
• Location: Mostly in walls of hollow organs.

Cardiac Muscle

• Function: As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control
• Location: The walls of the heart.

Nervous Tissue

• Function: Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and in to effectors that control their activity
• Location: Brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Hair Follicle; Thin Skin

• Identify:
• Arrector Pili
• Hair Root
• Hair Shaft
• Hair Bulb in follicle
• Sebaceous gland (may not be in this image)

Thick Skin

• Located on palms and soles of primates
• Identify all 5 layers of Epidermis:
• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Lucidium (not on test)
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale

Thin Skin, epidermis

• Identify 4 layers:
• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale

Dermis two sublayers:

• Papillary Layer: Made of Areolar CT
• Reticular Layer: Made of DICT Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Sebaceous Gland

• Skin's oil glands.
• Produce sebum, which is called holocrin secretion. Most sebacious glands are associated with hair follicles.
• Function of sebum: collects dirt, softens hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, keeps ipidermis from cracking, slows water loss across the skin and kills bacteria.

• Eccrine sudoriferous gland
• Only mammals have sweat glands.
• Eccrine are most numerous sweat glands on body.
• Most abundant on palms, soles and forehead. Coiled version of a simple tubular gland.

Appocrine sudoriferous glands are confinded to axillary, anal and gential areas. Produce a special kind of sweat consisting of fatty substances and proteins, in addition to the components of true sweat. Tje breakdown of bacteria produce body odor.

Hyaline Cartilage

• Structure: Looks like frosted glass. Most abundant type of cartilage. Chondrocutes appear spherical. Each chondrocyte occupies a cavity in the matrix called a Lacuna.
• Function: Provides support through flexibility and resilience.
• Location: Trachea, embryonic skeleton, covers ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, nose, larynx.

Elastic Cartilage

• Structure: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in the matrix
• Function: Maintains the shape of a structure, while allowing great flexibility
• Location: External ear.

Fibrocartilage

• Structure: Matrix less firm to hyaline, thick collagen fibers predominate
• Function: Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock.
• Location: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint.

Bone or Osseous Tissue

• Structure: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae. Very Vascularized.
• Function: Bone supports and protects. Stores calcium and other minerals and fat. Marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation.
• Location: Bones.

Blood cells.

• Structure: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix called plasma.
• Function: Transport of respiratory gasses, nutrients, wastes and other substances.
• Location: contained within blood vessels.

• Langerhans Cells
• Star shaped cells are part of the immune system.
• 

Keratinocytes

Keratinocytes produce keratin, a tough fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties. Also produce antibiotics and enzymes that detoxify the harmful chemicals to which our skin is exposed. Keratinocytes are located in the epidermis. They are dead cells when they reach the surface of epidermis, and contain keratin but no nucleous.

Dermal Papillae are finger like projections that project into the overlying epidermis.

• Eccrine Glands
• Sudoriferous

• 1) Reticular Fibers
• 2) White Blood Cell (lymphocyte)
• 3) Mast Cells

• 1) Cell body: soma
• 2) Neuronal Process
• 3) Neuronal Process
• 4) Neuroglia

• 1) Dorsal Horn
• 2) Ventral Horn
• 3) White matter
• 4) Grey matter
• 5) Central Canal

• 1) Epitheliium
• 2) Connective Tissue
• 3) Muscle
• 4) Nervous

True. Cells are held together by lateral structures such as tight junctions and desmosomes.

False. Epithelium does not have a blood supply. Cells are fed by diffusion of nutrients from the underlying connective tissue.

• True.
• In bone it is osteoblasts, condroblasts in cartilage etc.

• False.
• Cartilage is avascular.

Haversian Canals & Volkmann's Canals.

• True.
• Cartilage may have several cells per lacuna as a results of cell division that occurs after a cell is surrounded by matrix.

• Multiple.
• Multinulcleated cells.

Single nucleus per cell.

Single Nucleus per cell.

Schwann cell.

Oligondendrocytes.

False. There are NO fibers visable in hyaline cartilage.

Canaliculi.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper