Womens responses to polygany marriages sometimes include
Co-wife jealousy
Polygamous means
A community that allows polygany and monogamy
Critics of Polyandry sometimes assume
It is inconceivable that males would give up sexual exclusivity and reproductive rights to their wife.
Non-fraternal polyandry
One woman marrying numerous husband that are NOT brothers
Three main marriage forms
Monogamy, Polygany & Polyandry
Polyandry can support
Low population growth
patrilineage
multi-generational group of relatives related by patrilineal descent.
patrilineal descent
unilineal descent that follows the male line.
One possible downside of fraternal polyandry
Little population growth
Fraternal polyandry benefits a community that
Has scarce resources because it serves as population control -Which balances rescources amongst the population
With this pattern, people are related if they can trace descent through males to the same male ancestor.
Patrilineal descent
Both males and females inherit a patrilineal family membership but only males can pass it on.
Patrilineal descent
Also known as "agnatic descent."
Patrilineal descent
usually consist of related nuclear families descended from the same man.
Patrilineage
Patrilocal (residence)
the pattern in which a newly married couple moves in with or near the groom's father's house. This keeps men near their male relatives, while women must leave their natal households.
Patrilocal residence is strongly
associated with patrilineal descent.
polyandry
the marriage of one woman to several men at the same time.
________ is a rare type of polygamy.
polyandry
"fraternal polyandry"
brothers sharing the same wife.
Polyandry usually this form
"Fraternal polyandry"
marriage to more than one spouse at the same time.
polygamy
Polygamy occurs as
polygyny
or, more rarely, polyandry
the marriage of one man to several women at the same time.
polygyny
This is the most common form of polygamy.
Polygyny
Polygyny often takes the form of
"sororal polygyny", which is two or more sisters married to the same man.
the residence pattern in which a woman moves into her husband's home.
virilocal residence
If it is with his father instead, the residence pattern is called patrilocal.
the residence pattern in which a newly married couple has the choice of living with or near the groom's or the bride's family.
ambilocal residence
a form of cognatic descent in which individuals can select to trace descent either matrilineally or patrilineally.
ambilineal descent
The decision of descent (possibly) made by each generation based on the relative wealth and/or importance of the father's and the mother's family lines.
ambilineal descent
a woman marries one or more husbands while staying married to all the previous husbands.
secondary marriage
It is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to marry outside his own group and prohibits marrying within the group. The so-called blood relatives shall neither have marital connections nor sexual contacts among themselves.
Exogamy:
the practice of marrying outside ones own village.
Village Exogamy
True or False:No society gives absolute freedom to its members to select their partners.
true
two main rules that condition marital choice.
Endogamy
exogamy
It is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a given time.
Polygyny
two types of Polyandry ----
Fraternal Polyandry
non fraternal polyandry.
When several brothers share the same wife the practice can be called
fraternal polyandry.
This practice of being mate, actual or potential to one's husband's brothers is called
levirate.
In this type the husband need not have any close relationship prior to the marriage. The wife goes to spend some time with each husband. So long as a woman lives with one of her husbands; the others have no claim over her.
Non - fraternal polyandry
It is a form of marriage in which one man marries one woman .It is the most common and acceptable form of marriage.
monogamy
In many societies individuals are permitted to marry again often on the death of the first spouse or after divorce but they cannot have more than one spouse at one and the same time.
Serial monogamy
In this, remarriage is not allowed.
Straight monogamy
It means the marriage of two or more women with two or more men. Here the husbands are common husbands and wives are common wives. Children are regarded as the children of the entire group as a whole.
Group Marriage:
Co-wife
Label to describe the relation to another woman that shares the same husband
Dependent Freedmen
Slaves that stayed on as workers after being granted freedom in exchange for food, shelter and the right to grow crops in a small area of the land
Marriage form of slaves in Nyinba
Monogamous and matrilocal
By association, slave owners considered monogamy and matrilocal residence to be a sign of inferiority because it was practiced by slaves.
disconnected to marriage of slave owners as being a seperate group
Marriage form of slave owners in Nyinba
polyandrous and patrilocal
disconnected to marriage of slaves as being a seperate group
Nyinba "bone"
Bone was believed to be a fathers hereditary contribution to kin through sperm.
Believed to be more important than the "blood" as it was believed to make up physical appearance and character.
Partly comes from the mother as well, who carried her father's "bone". (The grandfather on the moms side as well as the father himself were believed to make up the physical appearance and character of the child)
Nyinba "blood"
Blood was believed to be the mothers hereditary contribution.
trongba
corporate land owning households of the Nyinba tribe
Sexual and procreate rights of Nyinba males practicing fraternal polyandry
automatically acquired amongst all the brothers even if born after the marriage takes place (once they are old enough)
Cross cousins
The children of two opposite sex siblings
Are always excluded from the egos unilineal descent group
(If you are the ego, this would be the children of your aunt on your dads side OR the children of your uncle on your moms side)
Parallel cousins
The children of two same sex siblings
(If you are the ego, this would be the children of your Aunt on the moms side OR the children of your uncle on your dads side)
Patrilineal kin
Follows the male descent
This would be anyone that can refer to the same person (a grandfather) as being their dads-dad ……(Your moms-dad would be a grandfather too, but is not considered Patrilineal descent because a female cannot pass down patrilineal descent)
Matrilineal Kin
Follows the female descent
This would be anyone who can refer to the same woman (a grandmother) as their moms-mother….(In contrast, your grandmother on your dads side would not be matrilineal because your dad is male and cannot pass down matrilineal descent)
First cousins
Those who share the same grandmother
Second Cousins
Those who share the same great-grandmother
Third Cousins
Those who share the same great-great grandmother
Cousins that are once- removed
Cousins that are one generation apart
Cousins that are twice-removed
Cousins that are two generations apart
Matrilocal husbands of Nyinba
An undesirable situation for Nyinba where parents produce no sons but one sole daughter which they bring in a husband for: to live with her and inherit their property.
The daughters family is usually suspicious of this man as an outsider and that he is willing to leave his own family.
Matrilocal husbands of Nyinba
An undesirable situation for Nyinba where parents produce no sons but one sole daughter which they bring in a husband for: to live with her and inherit their property.
The daughters family is usually suspicious of this man as an outsider and that he is willing to leave his own family.
Fraternal solidarity
The unity of brother that polyandry supports
Sexual equity in polyandrous marriages
Is handled by having the wife spend an entire night with one husband at a time and with all husbands in more or less
General rule of sexual equity of Nyinba
A general rule in polyandrous Nyinba marriages is that when a brother returns from a long trading trip, he should have precedent to spend the night with the wife
Precedent for sexual equity
Agreement of sexual expectations
Can be regulated by parents who practice arranged marriages
Moieties
Dividing into clans or "halves" (with descent group exogamy) is
To understand descent group exogamy you have to look at
Not just individuals but whole lineages or Clans
For either mode of unilineal descent Ego's cross cousins are always excluded as members of Ego's
unilineal descent group
Endogamy serves as a strategy for
Political and economic means
A person's cross cousin would be
Their aunts kids on their dad's side or
Their uncles kids on their moms side.
A person's parallel cousin would be
Their uncles kids on their dad's side or their aunt's kids on their mom's side
Descent group exogamy can be broken down into
Complex marriage systems
and Elementary marriage systems
Systematic intermarrying with other group by "exchanging women" is considered
"Elementary" descent group Exogamy
Cross cousins can marry in communities with
Descent group exogamy
The decision of descent (possibly) made by each generation based on the relative wealth and/or importance of the father's and the mother's family lines.
