criteria for "chronic condition" or "disability" varies from
state to state
___ are starting point for setting protein and micronutrient needs
DRIs
Chronic conditions may cause ____ ____ or ____ ___ ____
poor appetite
increased calorie needs
conditions with higher energy needs (5)
cystic fibrosis
renal disease (dialysis)
ambulatory children with diplegia (hard to walk due to muscle weakness)
pediatric AIDS
Brochopulmonary dysplasia
conditions with lower energy needs (5)
down syndrome
spind bifida
non ambluatory children with diplegia (wheelchair bound)
prader-willi syndrome
non ambulatory children with short stature
what are some specific growth charts (2)
LBW and VLBW (gestation adjusted age)
special head circumference
rare genetic disorder that primary affects girls and where head stop growing at toddler age and causes severe developmental delays
rett syndrome
head circumference chart for rett syndrome
nellhaus
ages considered toddler
1-3 years old
ages considered preschooler
3-5
Medical conditions that may present with signs of feeding problems include (5)
GERD
Pulmonary disorders
Developmental delay
Cerebral Palsy
Autism Spectrum Disorders
mealtime behavioral problems are common in which disorders (2)
ADHD
Autism
AAP recommendations for juice intake
limit to 4-6 oz/day for ages 1-6
*causes diarrhea, cavities, compete with other foods/other calories, causes weight gain
disabilities involving neuromuscular control (4)
dysphagia
chewing problems
hypotonia
hypertonia
excessive fluid intake seen in kids occurs when
child would rather drink than eat solid foods especially when not feeling well
when is FTT suspected?
when a child's growth declines more than 2 growth percentiles (ex: 50th to 10th) placing him/her near or below the lowest percentile for weight for age, weight for length or BMI for age
When should you seen weight gain with catch up growth?
within a few weeks but length of time for total catch up varies
FTT may result from (4)
pulmonary disorders
digestive problems (GERD, celiac)
neurological conditions (seizures)
pediatric AIDS
if ____ is provided at a higher level for a typical child of the same age, catch-up growth is likely
energy
what is toddler diarrhea?
healthy children with frequent diarrhea that is often caused by sucrose and sorbitol content of fruit juices
or lactose intolerance, DNI, celiac
group of developmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction and behavior
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
what causes the rigid, self-restricted range of food choice of kids with ASD?
sensitive to sensory information
when you is ASD diagnosed?
in toddler years when developmental delays are present and they are missing developmental milestones when they should be at this age
What is the diet for ASD?
no proven diet is recommended for prevention or treatment
MNT for rigid food choices
assessment of nutritional status
introduction of 1 new food many times (15-20) over a 1-2 month period MVI with minerals (due to selectivity and not getting a variety)
How many times should you introduce a new food to ASD child vs. normal kid
15-20 for ASD
8-10 for normal
What diets are found on the internet to help with behavioral outbursts for ASD children?
gluten-free, casein-free diets (used separately or together)
Problem with gluten and casein free diets
may be deficient in protein, vitamin D, calcium, and possibly fiber because dairy and whole grains are mainly cut out
group of disorders characterized by impaired muscle activity and corrdination due to damage to the developing brain tissue (happens in womb due to mom infection during pregnancy, rubella of mom, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis)
symptoms are present at birth or develops during early childhood
cerebral palsy
CP that results in difficulty with voluntary muscle control of both the arms and legs
spastic quadriplegia
most servere form of CP (ranges from mild to severe)
Nutritional issued with cerebral palsy (4)
difficulty with chewing and/or swallowing
difficulty using a spoon or fork
reduced dietary intake results from child easily becoming tired while eating
variable energy needs
Pulmonary problems with CP (5)
increased energy and protein needs (due to working of breathing and eating)
may consume excessive fluid (easier to consume)
weight loss due to frequent illness
lower interest in eating
slower growth
chronic respiratory disease that occurs in premature infants who received supplemental oxygen or mechanism ventilation. Characterized by pulmonary inflammation and impaired growth and development of alveoli
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
why do premie babies have lung problems?
they are born so early that their lungs are really ready in that their surfactant levels are decreased and the lungs don't expand and contract as easily
Why is vitamin A deficiency an etiology for BPD?
vitamin A is needed for normal alveolar development, surfactant production and regeneration of respiratory epithelial cells
Etiologies of BPD (3)
large genetic component
ventilator trauma (thought to cause damage)
vitamin A deficiency
Nutritional issued with BPD (4)
normal progression of feeding skills is interrupted
increased energy needs due to increased work of breathing and frequent respiratory infections (need a stress factor with infections)
decreased intake due to fatigue
DNI (diuretics due to edema, cortiosteriods)
nutrition interventions for BPD (3)
energy dense foods
easy to eat foods if fatigue
nutritional supplements (pediasure) if needed
top 8 allergies
milk
wheat
soy
eggs
peanuts
tree nuts
fish
shellfish
MNT for allergies
complete avoidance of that food
Kids may outgrow some allergies but aren't likely to outgrow ___, ___ and _____ allergies
nut
fish
shellfish
True/False: often proven herbal and dietary supplement remedies come from support groups or the internet
FALSE UNPROVEN!
avoid encouraging these due to side effects, DNI, etc
What is the herbal remedy with coenzyme Q for downs?
increase coenzyme Q increases intellectual ability and IQ
federally mandated program which provides grants to states for implementing comprehensive, multidisciplinary services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families
early intervention services
age range for EI
birth to 3 years old
children at WIC can't be seen after ___
5 years of age
a program that is federally funded from DHHS that trains healthcare professionals, including RDNs, to provide interdisciplinary, family-centered care to children with neurodevelopment disabilities
LEND (leadership education in neurodevelopment and related disabilities)
Author
arikell
ID
329608
Card Set
Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions
