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GMan - Intro to cancer

  1. Epidemiology
    Study of the frequency and distribution of human disease
  2. Common cancers in N. America (and europe)
    • Lung
    • Prostate
    • Breast
    • Colorectum
  3. Common cancers in Eastern Africa
    • Selvic uteri
    • Kaposi sarcoma
    • Breast
    • Oesophagus
  4. Common cancers in Australia
    • Prostate
    • Colorectum
    • Breast
    • Melanoma
  5. Best predictive factor for cancer development
    Age (elderly)
  6. Cancer highly correlated with age
    Prostate cancer
  7. Cancer with low correlation with age
    Leukemia
  8. Skin melanoma (Highest and lowest risk countries, and relative risk)
    • Australia (High)
    • Japan (Low)
    • 155
  9. Lip cancer (Highest and lowest risk countries, and relative risk)
    • Canada (Newfoundland) (High)
    • Japan (Low)
    • 151
  10. Environmental causes of cancer
    • Lifestyle (diet)
    • Sex!
    • Smoking
    • And many more
  11. Second most important factor influencing cancer
    Lifestyle choices
  12. Effects of smoking on relative cancer risk
    • Smoker (< 2 Pack/day) - 15
    • Smoker (> 2 Pack/day) - 40
    • Heavy quitter - 4-8
  13. Combined effects of asbestos and smoking in relative cancer risk
    90 (5 and 40 individually)
  14. When/why did women start smoking?
    1940ish and 1970s
  15. When did lung cancer overtake breast cancer in women?
    1987
  16. Worst time to start smoking
    Young age (teenaged)
  17. Dietary factor increasing cancer risk
    • Meat consumption
    • Not a perfect correlation
  18. Examples of carcinogens
    • 2-Napthylamine
    • benzo-a-pyrene
  19. Nonlifestyle (physical) carcinogens
    • Radiation - X-Rays
    • Chemical - Alkylating agents
    • Biological - Rous sarcoma
  20. Describe the Ames test
    • Histidine auxotrophs (salmonella) exposed to carcinogens
    • Expose bacteria to suspected compound
    • Observe number of revertants
  21. How was the ames test improved
    Compounds activated by combining with rat liver extract
  22. Most potent carcinogen
    Aflatoxin
  23. Where are procarcinogens activated?
    The liver
  24. What are non-mutagenic carcinogens called?
    Promoters
  25. Examples of common (edible) carcinogens
    • Black pepper (piperine)
    • Mushrooms (agaritine)
    • Coffee (caffeic acid)
Author
Ant
ID
329558
Card Set
GMan - Intro to cancer
Description
GMan
Updated

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