MU 418 Final Vocab

system used in late 17th century where music is organized a tonic note, chord, and key

combination of 2 or more simultaneous melodic lines according to set rules

inverting 2 melodies so the lower one is now the upper one

composition of imitative counterpoint based on a single subject with staggered entrances in different registers

• Subject: theme for main melody
• Countersubject: new theme played while second voice is playing

entrances of subjects are very close to each other

exact copy of subject in a new key

• Exposition: opening where a single voice plays the subject
• Episodes: modulatory material between entrances of the the subject, based on material heard in the exposition

• Inversion: subject presented upside-down
• Augmentation: increase subject's note lengths 
• Diminution: decrease subject's note lengths

note sustained in successive harmonies

dissonance created when a note sustains and another voice moves to create the dissonance; sustained voice resolves downward a step

solo instrument with continuo accompaniment

2 solo groups with continuo accompaniment

composition where one or more solo instruments contrasts with orchestral ensemble

• Ritornello: recurring thematical material of a concerto played at the beginning, end, and a couple times in between the solo sections
• Form: alternating with full ensemble and episodes of solo material

improvisatory piece for keyboard or lute that may have imitative sections, could be a prelude to a fugue

• A - Exposition
• B - Development
• A' - Recapitulation

Fast movement that goes ABACADA

collection of stylized dance pieces

same basic theme that goes through many variations of melody, bass line, harmonic plan, etc.

form that joins binary minuets, ABA; A is minuet and B is trio

chordal accompaniment where the bass line is only written and figured bass tells what inversion the chords are in

short musical pattern that is repeated persistently

variations over a repeated bass line or harmonic progression in triple meter

Baroque genre based on the chacona dance style, variations over continuo

numbers under bass line in basso continuo part to tell you what chord inversions to play

• sonata or allegro 
• slow adagio
• minuet
• fast rondo

restatement of a pattern (melodic or harmonic) on successive or different pitch levels

comedy opera, serious opera

same melody, different words

song with 2 sections, ABA (repeat usually embellished)

type of vocal singing that approaches speech and follows the natural inflections of the text over a rhythmically stagnant bass

male singers who were castrated to keep their high voice

dramatic music with arias, recitatives, ensembles, choruses and instrumental music; like an unstaged opera with biblical subject

literary text from opera or other musical staged work

work, or collection of works, in the same genre issued as a publication

section where whole ensemble plays together

German genre of opera featuring spoken dialogue interspersed with choruses, songs, and instrumental music

method of tuning that tuned based on the natural harmonics of notes

music written specifically to suit an instrument

• more interest in music
• Greek and Roman interest again
• public liked melody+acc. 
• manuals and treatises for public to learn

being organized in periods

bass line is an arpeggiation of the chord

• chamber ensemble of 2 violins, viola, and cello
• multi-movement piece for this ensemble

large work for orchestra, usually 4 movements

• whole orchestra does a crescendo
• Also, a sequenced passaged with an ostinato bass line would get louder as it went up

English comic play featuring songs with new words over borrowed melodies

musical style that features songlike melodies, short phrases, frequent cadences, and light accompaniment

royal family that employed Haydn to write music and perform often for the family

keyboard instrument that strikes the strings when a key is pressed, could play dynamics

• generic term for an abstract ensemble piece
• opera overture in early 18th century

shelter for people... that had excellent music education, Vivaldi worked here

keyboard instrument that plucked strings when a key was pressed instead of being struck like the piano or clavichord

large lute with extra bass strings, used to perform basso continuo to accompany singers or other instruments

• emphasis on melody over light accompaniment
• simple and clear harmonic plan
• periodic phrasing
• clear forms based on contrast of themes, keys, stable/unstable passages
• contrasts of mood and style within movements and between them

adding extra notes to embellish the melody