ochem

proton donor

proton acceptor

a species that contains an atom that is at least 2 electrons short of a closed outer shell

contains at least one lone pair of electrons

The substitution of a nucleophile for another atom or group in the starting organic molecule

Lewis base

consists of only C and H atoms with only single bonds between carbon atoms (simple hydrocarbons)

alkanes in which one or more H atoms have been replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I)

alkane with a ring or loop