new

• Rise of the factory system
• Became a center of industry
• Urbanization- mass amounts people moving to cities b/c of more jobs
• -Issues with urbanization were sanitary issues and overcrowding

Emerged as the nation's "Bread Basket"

• "King Cotton" and slavery dominated the South's economy
• Large plantations, based on slave labor
• Most Southerners were small farmers with no slaves

• Nationwide potato famine destroyed Irish main source of food. Over a million starved to death
• When arrived to US, many had to work hard labor b/c of lack of skill
• Catholic religion made them targets for discrimination
• Formed Irish societies in order to protect each other

• Losers of revelation had to flee from Germany to US
• Lack of opportunity and space in Germany also pushed Germans away
• pull factor in the US was economic opportunity and plenty of space

• saw slavery as morally wrong
• South to bring about an end to slavery

Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin portraying the evils of slavery

Conductor of the "Underground Railroad"

Escaped slave who gave speeches about slavery and published autobiography

• Owned the newspaper The Liberator which published about slavery. Women's rights leaders also fought to end slavery
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

A code system to help escaped slaves flee to the North and Canada

• Began b/c people felt the country was becoming secular- not religious
• People started attending Religious Revivals
• Salvation(heaven) lies within each person. Brought awareness to end slavery, prison reform, and banning alcohol

Led by Dorothea Dix and Eliza Farnham (prison warden) to improve prison condition and to rehabilitate prisoners

Dorothea Dix- found out how badly mentally disabled were being treated and even throw in prison. Brought for mentally disabled to be treated and not punished

People worried about the evils of drinking alcohol. First drinking was moderated, then complete abstinence

• -Seneca Fall's Convention- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organizers
• - Declaration of Sentiments- men cannot with hold women's rights, take her property, or refuse her the right to vote

stressed the individual, imagination, creativity and emotion

Taught that people could find the truth within themselves- through feeling and intuition. People are at their best when connected with nature, society corrupts people

Group of artists that focused on nature's beauty

Drew birds, mammals, plants, and other subjects from nature

• American Author. Wrote very gothic works of terror
• first detective stories

Transcendentalist who is famous for "civil disobedience". He went to jail for refusing to pay his taxes. He felt that he shouldn't pay taxes to a government that was waging war on Mexico in order to conquer land to spread slavery