-
Describe contagious pathogens in general.
- mammary gland predominant reservoir
- transmission occurs at milking (teat cups, hands of personel, milking equipment, towels)
-
What are the contagious mastitis pathogens? (4)
- Staph aureus
- Step agalactiae
- Mycoplasma
- Corynebacterium bovis
-
What is the 5-point control plan for contagious mastitis?
- 1. Post-milking teat disinfection
- 2. Dry cow treatment (all cows, all quarters)
- 3. Culling chronically infected cows
- 4. Prompt diagnosis and treatment
- 5. Proper maintenance and use of milking equipment (milkers should wear gloves)
-
Describe the Streptococci mastitis microbial general properties. (3)
- Gram + chains
- Catalase negative
- alpha (green), beta (clear), or gamma (none) hemolysis
-
What group of microbes is the most common cause of mastitis?
Streptococci
-
What are the most common Strep isolates causing mastitis? Describe. (3)
- Strep agalactiae: contagious, source is the udder of an infected cow, spread at milking, CAMP +
- Step dysgalactiae: environmental/ contagious, prevented by pre and post-milking teat dip, dry cow therapy
- Strep uberis: environmental (contagious?), most common isolate, dry treat to prevent
-
What is the source os Enterococcus in mastitis infection?
- from GI tract, manure, bedding, infected udder
- NOT FREQUENTLY ISOLATED FROM MASTITIS SAMPLES
-
How is Enterococcus mastitis prevented?
milking hygiene, teat disinfection, dry cow therapy
-
Describe the most common isolates of Staphylococcus from mastitic samples. (2)
- S. aureus: contagious, udder of infected cow is a long-term reservoir, broad hemolysis, coag +, transmitted during milking, hard to treat, culling usually most viable option
- Coag-negative Staph: environmental, usually subclinical, moderate increases in cell counts, little hemolysis, coag -
-
Describe the general characteristic of Staph microbes causing mastitis.
- Gram + clusters
- Catalase +
- differentiate with coagulase test
-
Describe Staph aureus microbial properties in detail. (4)
- Gram + pairs or clusters
- discrete beta-hemolysis (incomplete) or alpha hemolysis (complete)
- Catalase +
- Coagulase +
-
Describe coag-neg Staph microbial peroperties in detail. (4)
- Gram + pairs or clusters
- No or diffuse hemolysis
- Catalase +
- Coagulase -
-
Describe the E. coli microbial properties. (4)
- Gram - (LPS....yikes) rods
- non-hemolytic
- KOH +
- grows on MacConkey agar- pink, flat colonies
-
Describe the source of E. coli mastitis and control of this pathogen.
- Feces, bedding, soil- ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS
- Exposure occurs between milkings
- Control with inorganic bedding (sand), avoid over-crowding, feed cows after milking to keep them standing, clean alleys/ stalls, germicidal pre-dip, dry teats before attaching milker, J5 vaccine
-
Describe the microbial properties of Klebsiella pneumonia. (4)
- Gram - rods
- Non-hemolytic
- KOH +
- Grow on MacConkey agar
-
Describe the source of Klebsiella mastitis and how to control this pathogen.
- primary source is organic bedding (wood shavings)- ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS
- Control by avoiding the use of wood bedding, avoid over-crowding, frequent manure removal, germicidal pre-dip, dry teats prior to milking, use of J5 vaccine
-
What intra-mammary antibiotics that have only Gram + coverage and are for lactating cows? (2) What is the withhold for each?
- Cloxacillin (Dariclox): 48hr milk/ 10d meat withhold
- Pirlimycin (Pirsue): 2x txt 9d meat withhold, 8x txt 21d meat withhold, 36hr milk withhold from final txt
-
What are the 4 intra-mammary antibiotics that have Gram + and Gram - coverage? (3 lactating, 1 dry) What is the withhold for each?
- Amoxicillin (Amoxi-mast): lactating cows, 60hr milk/ 12d meat withhold
- Cephapirin sodium (Today): lactating cows, 96hr milk/ 4d meat withhold
- Ceftiofur (Spectramast LC): lactating cows, 72hr milk/2 day meat withhold
- Ceftiofur (Spectramast DC): DRY COWS >30d prior to calving
-
What intra-mammary antibiotics that have only Gram + coverage and are for drying off cows? (5) What is the withhold for each?
- Cloxacillin-DC (Dry-Clox): DRY COWS >30d before calving
- Cephapirin benzathine (Tomorrow): >30d before calving DRY COWS
- Benzithine Cloxacillin (Orbenin-DC): DRY COWS >28d prior to calving
- Penicillin G/ Novobiocin (Albadry Plus): DRY COWS >30d prior to calving
- Penicillin G/ Dihydrostreptomycin (Quartermaster): DRY COWS >42d prior to calving
|
|
