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top brain
superior/dorsal
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bottom brain
inferior/ventral
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Broca's area
- frontal lobe- production of language
- damage--> aphasia (language difficulty)
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3 main divisions of brain
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hindbrain
- medulla- behavior
- cerebellum- smooth movement, posture, balance
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midbrain
reflexes to visual & auditory cues
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forebrain
- cerebral cortex
- subcortical- below cortex
- perception, cognition, emotion, social, recognition
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brain stem
- medulla, pons, midbrain
- suvival functions: breathing, swallowing, urination
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basal ganglia
- movement, reward
- damage-->Parkinson's disease- depleted dopamine
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hypothalamus
4 Fs (fighting, fleeing, feeding, fucking)
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hippocampus
- learning & memory formation
- damage--> amnesia
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amygdala
processing emotional info & triggering emotional response
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limbic system
amygdala & hippocampus
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cerebral cortex
- wrinkly- maximize SA:volume
- gray matter = nerve cells
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Right hemisphere
- spatial awareness
- damage--> hemineglect- fail to notice anything on left side
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corpus callosum
connection of LH & RH
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parietal lobe
- touch, spatial awareness
- damage--> hard time grasping
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temporal lobe
- hearing, memory
- damage--> agnosia- cannot recognize objects
- damage--> aphasia- cannot understand talking & cannot talk
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frontal lobe
- thought, planning, movement
- damage--> autism
- Phineas Gage- rod damage caused personality changes
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motor cortex linked to somatosensory cortex
- specific areas of cortex will amplify based on experience
- ex. phantom limb
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somatosensory homunculus
- adjacent points on skin = adjacent in cortex
- some areas on skin have more cortex area
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