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Define Biology
The scientific study of organisms and their environment
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Name 7 characteristics of life and write one sentence about each
Reproduction – the ability to make more of the same kind of organism
Metabolism – The chemical processes taking place in the organism
Irritability – Response to stimuli Growth – Increase in size from the inside
Evolve – Change
Homeostasis – Marinating a relatively steady state
Order – Body is organized (Levels of organization: molecules, organelles, cell, tissues, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere)
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What does Evolution mean?
Evolution is Change. Species living today are decedents of ancestral species.
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3 major ways organisms are united
- Composed of Cells
- DNA
- Characteristics of Life
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Things to know
Natural Selection operates on variation to bring about evolution
Variation is an expression of the DNA
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Names of the 3 domains of organisms (Examples of each)
- Eukarya (Example)
- Bacteria (Example)
- Archaea (Example)
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Categories used to classify an organism (in order)
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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Things to know
Individuals cannot evolve. Population evolves.
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Define Species
One kind of organism
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Two major categories of cells
Prokaryotic (No nucleus) and Eukaryotic (nucleus)
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Who developed the binomial system of nomenclature?
Naming Process
Carlos Linnaeus – 1758
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Why is it important to use the scientific name of an organism instead of the common name?
Facts are tied to the scientific name
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Scientific Method Steps
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Result
- Conclusion
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What year was Charles Darwin born and what year did he die?
1809 - 1882
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What year did Charles Darwin publish his book and what was its title?
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published in 1859
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Things to know
Science tells us how things are and probably will be, not how they should beScience is self-correcting as new facts are discovered
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What is the concept that Jean Lemarck developed?
Acquired Characteristics
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What is an Atom?
The basic unit of an element
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What is an element? (Example)
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means
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What is a molecule? (Example)
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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What is a compound? (Example)
Composed of atoms of 2 or more elements
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What is an electrolyte? (Example)
Ions that are electrically charged
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What is the formula for Glucose?
2C6 H12 O6
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What is the equation for Photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O – C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What are isotopes?
Isotopes are versions of an atom or an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
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What does half-life mean?
The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value
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Radioactive Isotopes
- Used to date fossils
- Radioactive iodine to destroy cancer cells in the thyroid
- Carbon 14 is used to trace steps in photosynthesis
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3 types of chemical bonds
Ionic Bonds are formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. Table salt is held together
Covalent Bonds are formed when an atom shares one or more electrons with another atom. Atoms are held together.
Hydrogen Bonds are weak bonds between two molecules. DNA is held together
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What does PH measure?
Hydrogen ion concentration
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What does a buffer do?
Help maintain a certain PH
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Example of buffer in our bloodstream
Amino Acids
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4 properties of water
- 1) Water gains or loses heat slowly
- 2) Cohesion - Hydrogen bond molecules. Water is drawn up through plants
- 3) Universal Solvant - Most things can be dissolved in water. Lipids don't.
- 4) 3 states (Solid, Liquid, Gas)
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4 categories of organic compounds
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)
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4 categories of Inorganic compounds
- Acids
- Bases
- Gas Oxygen
- Salts
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2 major categories of cells
- Prokaryotic (small, small ribisomes, nucleoid region, plasmids)
- Eukaryotic (large, large ribosomes, organized nuleus)
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