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civil rights
- protections against discriminatory treatment
- freedom from government oppression
- within the limits of the law
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right
- you have a claim to something
- you are granted protection from an intrusion
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remedy
- relief that flows from a violation of a right
- enforced by the state
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13th amendment
1865-neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime, shall exist within the U.S., or any place subject to their jurisdiction
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"slavery" after the 13th amendment
leasing system created in the south, provided cheap labor for farmers, the racial hierarchy did not go away
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CRA of 1866
- granted African Americans equal right as whites to
- -enter into contracts and property transactions
- -bring lawsuits and give evidence in court proceedings
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Why did congress want to pass the CRA of 1866 and why couldn't they?
- in response to black codes
- they did not have authority
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14th amendment
- 1868
- all persons born or naturalized in the US are citizens
- no state shall make or enforce law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the US
- state shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law
- equal protection of the laws
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15th amendment
1870-everybody got the right to vote
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pitfall of the 15th amendment
- it doesn't speak to the qualifications of voting
- hurt a lot of people trying to vote in the south (grandfather clause)
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CRA 1870
- CRA 1866 + authority of 14th amendment+ right and equal opportunity to become qualified to vote + authority of the 15th amendment+marshal law to defend black voters (hmm)
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CRA 1871
gave more federal power to enforce marshal law
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CRA 1875
- the one that made a lot of white people mad
- -everyone entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of accommodations and facilities, and etc.
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Cases of 1883
- addressed the constitutionality of CRA 1875
- -said 14th amendment didn't apply because it only refers to corrective state action. Individual acts of discrimination are handled by state laws
- -okayed segregation
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Result of Truman's civil rights report
- created factual roadmap for congress to act
- led to end of north and south compromise to permit Jim Crow
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Brown vs. Board facts
the school system had provided for "substantial equality" as to all relevant factors
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plaintiffs statements brown vs board
- educational segregation created feeling of inferiority
- It is even more detrimental that it is sanctioned by the law
- sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn
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supreme court ruling
after a new chief justice was appointed segregation became illegal
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