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RNA Secondary structure
Complimentary base pairing between two molecules, or within a molecule
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Direction of transcription
5' to 3'
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DNA-Directed synthesis of RNA
aka Transcription
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Eukaryotes (at any given time) have more RNA than bacteria (T/F)
F
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RNA Polymerase full name
DNA-Dependant RNA polymerases
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Kinds of bacteria RNA polymerase
Only one, for mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
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Kind of Eukaryote RNA polymerase
- Different type for each RNA
- RNA pol I, II and III
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To what end are the mRNA bases added in transcription?
3'
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Why is simulatenous translation not possible in eukaryotes?
The DNA is in a separate compartment (nucleus) from the ribosomes
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Primary transcript
Nascent RNA molecule, before it is modified to become mature-RNA
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RNA post-transcriptional modifications
- 5' Cap
- Poly-A tail (3')
- Splicing (to remove introns)
- Cutting - Removing transcribed spacers
- Chemical modification (mythylation and uridylation)
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Purpose of capping (and tailing) RNA
- Facilitate transport
- Protect RNA from degrading enzymes
- Help ribosomal attachment to 5' (mRNA)
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Exon
Region of DNA that is translated into protein (expressed)
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Why are genes split?
Because they contain introns, intervening sequences
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RNA sequences required for splicosome activity
- 5' GU, 3' AG (Intronic)
- Adenosine containing branch-point
- Pyrimidine track
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Why are introns important in splicing?
They allow the same RNA transcript to be spliced in multiple ways
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Six classes of eukaryotic RNA
- mRNA
- rRNA
- tRNA
- Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
- Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
- microRNA (miRNA)
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snRNA
- Present in nuclear snurps
- Involved in RNA splicing
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snoRNA
- Present in the nucleolus
- Involved in chemical modification
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miRNA
- Small RNA molecules
- Regulate gene expression
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NMP
- Nucleotide mono phosphate
- Found in RNA
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