Ch. 5

• a repository of published scientific studies including peer reviewed research
• Box 5-1

• scientists and laypersons who review all studies conducted in the institution to ensure that ethical principles are followed
• before conducting any study with human subjects the researcher must obtain approval from IRB

supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span

an organization analyzes and evaluates current performance to use results to develop focused improvement actions

an approach to the continuous study and improvement of the processes of providing health care services to meet the needs of clients and others

• cental line bacteremia rate
• compliance/adherence to actions(eg diet, medication, activity restrictions)
• failure to rescue
• fall rate
• nosocomial infection rate
• nosocomial pressure ulcer rate
• symptom reduction

• a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice and use resources effectively
• Box 5-3

• P= patient population of interest ( age, gender, ethnicity and disease or health problem)
• I= intervention of interest (e.g. treatment, diagnostic test, prognostic factor)
• C= comparison of interest ( what is the usual standard of care or current intervention currently used)
• O= Outcome ( what result do you wish to achieve or observe)

• research subjects:
• are given full and complete info about the pupose of the study, procedure, data collection, potential harm and benifits and alternative methods of treatment
• are capable of fully understanding the research and the implications of participation
• have the power of free choice to voluntarily consent or decline participation
• understand how the researcher maintains confidentiality or anonymity

a problem solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's expertise and client preferences and values in making decisions about client care

rules, policies

• no objectivity
• swayed

• unknown
• even the researcher cannot link the subject to the data